Exam 05 Msc Flashcards

1
Q

What is Elastic Beanstalk?

A

Can deploy and manage apps in AWS and automatically handles capacity (EC2 instances, load balancing, scaling + app monitoring), i.e. preinstall PHP

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2
Q

What is the main difference between Elastic Beanstalk and CloudFormation?

A

Beanstalk is more automated

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3
Q

What is CloudFormation? (2)

A

Infrastructure as code

Automating resource provisioning

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4
Q

What is a CloudFormation stack?

A

One or more CloudFormation templates that will provision resources

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5
Q

Adding hardware to an EC2 instance is an example of ____ ____ vs adding more EC2 instances to a group, which is ____ ____

A

Scaling up

Scaling out

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6
Q

What are the four methods of scaling out (horizontally)?

A

Stateless Applications

Stateless Components

Stateful Components

Distributed Processing

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7
Q

How do stateless applications support horizontal scaling and what is an example of a stateless application?

A

Since session information is not stored on the application hardware so scaling out does not rely on any state data. Lambda is an example of this

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8
Q

When distributing workload to multiple nodes, what are the two models and what AWS services support each?

A

Push Model - ELB (NLB, ALB), Route53 round robin

Pull Model - SQS, Kinesis

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9
Q

How can horizontal scaling be supported with stateless components? (2)

A

Cookies in users browser

DynamoDB

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10
Q

What is the relationship between horizontal scaling and stateful components? (2)

A

Most real-world apps require some state that can’t be kept as cookies.

Sticky session feature of an Application Load Balancer where customer is always routed to the same instance

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11
Q

How can distributed processing support horizontal scaling? (4)

A

For large very large datasets

Services like Elastic Map Reduce can break up data and distribute it

AWS Glue

AWS Batch

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12
Q

What are the overall Cloud Design Principles? (11)

A

Scalability

Disposable Resources over Fixed Servers

Automation

Loose Coupling

Services, Not Servers

Databases

Managing Increasing Volumes of Data

Removing Single Points of Failure

Optimize for Cost

Caching

Security

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13
Q

How do we architect for disposable resources instead of fixed servers? (4)

A

Bootstrapping (EC2 launch scripts)

Golden Images (Prebuilt AMIs)

Hybrid of two (containers + EC2 Instances)

Infrastructure as Code (CloudFormation)

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14
Q

What are the two services in AWS that support Infrastructure as Code? (2)

A

Elastic Beanstalk

CloudFormation

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15
Q

How can the AWS Automation Principle be supported?

A

Loose Coupling

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16
Q

What are the components of Loose Coupling? (4)

A

Well defined interfaces

Service Discovery (no hardcoded IPs)

Async Integration (queues)

Graceful Failure

17
Q

How is the principle “Services not Servers” implemented? (2)

A

Using managed services (Paypal)

Serverless Architectures (Lambda, API Gateway, DynamoDB)

18
Q

What are the keys to Removing Single Points of Failure? (5)

A

Introduce redundancy (copies)

Detect Failure (health checks)

Durable Data Storage (S3, Dynamo, not EC2)

Multiple AZ

Shard data (break it up)

19
Q

What are the components of the Security Principle? (5)

A

Utilize AWS features

Offload respnsibility to AWS

Reduce Priveleged Access

Security as Code

Audit in Real Time