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EC2 > EXAM 03 > Flashcards

EXAM 03 Flashcards

1
Q

CONVERTS LIGHT ENERGY INTO ELECTRICITY

A

PV SYSTEMS

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2
Q

PV SYSTEMS PRODUCE ___________ THROUGH DIRECT CONVERSION OF _____________

A

ELECTRICITY; INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION

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3
Q

AMOUNT OF SOLAR POWER IMPINGING ON A SPECIFIC AREA

A

IRRADIANCE

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4
Q

AMOUNT OF SOLAR ENERGY RECEIVED BY GIVEN AREA

A

INSOLATION

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5
Q

A PV SYSTEM THAT SUPPLIES ELECTRICAL ENERGY WITHOUT INTERCONNECTION TO ANY OTHER POWER SOURCE; ISOLATED FROM ANY OUTSIDE ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS; OLDEST PV INSTALLATIONS

A

STAND ALONE SYSTEM

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6
Q

PV SYSTEMS IN AREAS SERVICED BY ELECTRIC UTILITY GRIDS

A

GRID CONNECTED

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7
Q

A PV DEVICE THAT GENERATES ELECTRICITY WHEN EXPOSED TO SOLAR RADIATION

A

PV CELL

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8
Q

TRACKING PVs _________ EFFICIENCY BY ___ %

A

INCREASE; 20%

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9
Q

EFFICIENCY OF MONOCRYSTALLINE PV CELLS

A

14-16%

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10
Q

EFFICIENCY OF POLYCRYSTALLINE PV CELLS

A

10-12%

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11
Q

EFFICIENCY OF NANOROD PV CELLS

A

1-2%

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12
Q

EFFICIENCY OF NANOSPHERAL PV CELLS

A

10-12%

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13
Q

EFFICIENCY OF AMORPHOUS PV CELLS

A

5-7%

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14
Q

BIPV STANDS FOR

A

BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC

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15
Q

A PV SYSTEM WITH CELLS/MODULES INCORPORATED AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE BUILDING ENVELOPE (RATHER THAN TACKED ON TO THE BUILDING SHELL)

A

BIPV

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16
Q

BIPV EXAMPLES

A

CANOPIES OVER PARKING OR PAVILIONS

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17
Q

PURE WATER THAT CAN BE USED FOR DRINKING AND COOKING

A

POTABLE WATER

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18
Q

PROCESS WHEREBY WATER CONSTANTLY CIRCULATES

A

HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

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19
Q

HYDROLOGIC CYCLE IS POWER BY

A

ABOUT 1/4 OF THE EARTH’S SOLAR ENERGY

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20
Q

MORE THAN _____% OF WATER IS _________ IN HYDROLOGIC CYCLE BECAUSE ________________________

A

99%; INACCESSIBLE; IT IS SALTWATER OR FROZEN IN GLACIERS AND ICE CAPS

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21
Q

THE MOST ACCESSIBLE SOURCES OF WATER ARE ______ AND ______

A

PRECIPITATION AND RUNOFF

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22
Q

TANK FOR STORING WATER

A

CISTERN

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23
Q

TANK, TYPICALLY UNDERGROUND, IN WHICH SEWAGE IS COLLECTED AND ALLOWED TO DECOMPOSE THROUGH BACTERIAL ACTIVITY BEFORE DRAINING BY MEANS OF A LEACHING FIELD

A

SEPTIC TANK

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24
Q

THE _______ THE SEWAGE STAYS IN SEPTIC TANK, THE ______________ THE EFFLUENT

A

LONGER; LESS POLLUTED

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25
Q

ELIMINATES NEED FOR IRRIGATION

A

XERISCAPE

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26
Q

USING PLANTS NATIVE TO AREA TO REDUCE NEED TO BE WATERED ADDITIONALLY THAN WHAT NATURE PROVIDES

A

XERISCAPE - CONSERVATION TECHNIQUE

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27
Q

DRIP IRRIGATION

A

WATER SOAKS INTO SOIL AT A RATE THAT IS BETTER FOR MOST PLANTS THAN SUDDEN, SHORT FLOODING OF SPRINKLING

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28
Q

CAUSED BY PRESENCE OF SUSPENDED MATERIAL SUCH AS CLAY, SILT, ETC. WHETHER IS AFFECTS HEALTH OR NOT

A

TURBIDITY

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29
Q

THE MORE TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES IN WATER, THE ______ IT LOOKS AND THE ____________ THE TURBIDITY

A

MURKIER, HIGHER

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30
Q

THE MORE TURBIDITY IN THE WATER, THE _________ SUNLIGHT CAN GET TO ALGAE/PLANTS THAT WORK TO MAINTAIN ECOSYSTEM

A

LESS

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31
Q

WATER THAT CONTAINS DISSOLVED MINERALS SUCH AS MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM

A

HARD WATER

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32
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF HARD WATER

A

FILM REACTION WITH SOAP

LEAVES DEPOSIT CALLED SCALE

REMOVED BY PERMUTIT PROCESS/EXCHANGE OF IONS

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33
Q

WATER THAT HAS BEEN TREATED AND CONTAINS ONLY SODIUM IONS

A

SOFT WATER

34
Q

CHARACTERISTICS/EXAMPLE OF SOFT WATER

A

RAINWATER OFTEN CONSIDERED SOFT

SUDS REACTION WITH SOAP

NO PROBLEMS

35
Q

DHW

A

DOMESTIC HOT WATER

36
Q

USED TO PROVIDE HOT WATER FOR THE KITCHEN AND BATHROOM SINKS, TUBS, AND OTHER APPLIANCES

A

DHW

37
Q

THE SAME BOILER CAN PROVIDE BOTH WATER SYSTEMS AS LONG AS _____________________

A

BOTH WATER SYSTEMS DO NOT MIX (WATER THAT CIRCULATES THROUGH HEATING SYSTEM CANNOT BE CIRCULATED THROUGH DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEM)

38
Q

WATER FACTS:

TOILETS

A

1.6 GALLONS PER FLUSH

39
Q

WATER FACTS:

SHOWERHEADS

A

2.5 GALLONS PER MIN

40
Q

WATER FACTS:

KITCHEN FAUCETS

A

2.5 GALLONS PER MIN

41
Q

WATER FACTS:

BATHROOM FAUCETS

A

1 GALLON PER MIN

42
Q

WITH A HORIZONTAL AXIS WASHING MACHINE, YOU CAN REDUCE WASH WATER NEEDS BY _____%

A

30 - 60%

43
Q

WATER FACTS:

WATER EFFICIENT DISHWASHERS

A

3.4 GALLONS PER NORMAL CYCLE (731/YEAR)

44
Q

ONCE YOU GET THE WATER USE DOWN TO ____ GALLONS PER CAPITA PER DAY, WE CAN SUPPLY THIS LEVEL OF POTABLE WATER WITH ___________

A

50; RAINWATER

45
Q

RESPIRATION IS USED TO..

A

ELIMINATE WASTE PRODUCTS AND GENERATE ENERGY

46
Q

RESPIRATION PROCESS THAT USES NO OXYGEN; INSTEAD USES BACTERIA THAT TRANSFORM ORGANIC MATTER IN WASTEWATER INTO BIOGASSES LIKE METHAN OR CO2

A

ANAEROBIC

47
Q

WHICH RESPIRATION PROCESS IS TYPICALLY THE ON FOR FERMENTATION AND IS MORE EFFICIENT

A

ANAEROBIC

48
Q

RESPIRATION PROCESS THAT USES OXYGEN - USES BACTERIA THAT REQUIRES OXYGEN, SO AIR IS CIRCULATED T/O TANK TO HELP BACTERIA BREAK DOWN WASTE IN WASTEWATER

A

AEROBIC

49
Q

WHICH RESPIRATION PROCESS IS THE TYPICAL PROCESS FOR COMPOSTING

A

AEROBIC

50
Q

VENT STACK ALLOW SEWAGE WASTE TO ________ AND SEWAGE GASES TO _______________

A

DRAIN TO THE SEWER AT THE BOTTOM; VENT OUT AT THE TOP

51
Q

HOW DO PLUMBING P TRAPS WORK

A

SHAPE OF BENDING PIPE PREVENTS SEWER GASES FROM ENTERING BUILDINGS

52
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF LOCAL WASTE

A

INCREASED CONSUMER TIME AND BUILDING SPACE REQUIREMENTS

CONSERVES MORE ENERGY

LOCAL = CONSUMER SEPARATING GARBAGE

53
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRAL WASTE

A

ENERGY-INTENSIVE AND NOISY INDUSTRIAL PROCESS

CENTRAL = INDUSTRY SEPARATING GARBAGE

54
Q

WATER THAT HAS NOT COME INTO CONTACT WITH HUMAN WASTE AND IS THEREFORE MORE READILY FILTERED AND CAN BE REABSORBED INTO LAWN/GARDEN

A

GREYWATER

55
Q

WATER THAT HAS COME INTO CONTACT WITH HUMAN WASTE AND IS THEREFORE MUCH MORE DIFFICULT TO BREAK DOWN AND MUCH MORE LIKELY TO CONTAIN DISEASE-CAUSING PATHOGENS

A

BLACKWATER

56
Q

FILTRATION REMOVES __________ BY PASSING WATER THROUGH ___________

A

SUSPENDED PARTICLES, SOME BACTERIA, AND COLOR OR TASTE; PERMEABLE FABRIC OR POROUS BED OF MATERIALS

57
Q

PLUMBING DESIGN GUIDELINES

A

ANGLES > 60 DEGREES

CONCEALED BUT ACCESSIBLE

RED BRASS/COPPER (NONFERROUS) IN PROVIDING CORROSION RESISTANCE

STEEL/IRON (FERROUS) METAL PIPING THREADED

DESIRABLE TO VALVE EVERY RISER

VERTICAL RUNS SUPPORTED AT EVERY STORY

HORIZONTAL PIPES SHOULD BE SUPPORTED AT INTERVALS OF 6 FT FOR .5 IN PIPE, 8 FT FOR .75 IN PIPE, 10 FT FOR 1.25+ IN PIPE

ALL COLD WATER PIPING INSULATED

PIPES CARRYING DHW INSULATED

PARALLEL HOT AND COLD WATER PIPING TO PREVENT HEAT EXCHANGE

58
Q

STAGE WHERE WATER MOVES DOWNWARD FROM SURFACE WATER TO GROUNDWATER

A

WATER RECHARGE

59
Q

WATER RECHARGE IS IMPEDED BY…

A

PAVEMENTS AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTS

60
Q

LANDSCAPES SHOULD BE CAREFULLY DESIGNED TO ALLOW __________

A

THE NATURAL RECHARGE OF WATER

61
Q

1 TON OF MECHANICAL LOAD FOR EVERY _____ SF

A

500

62
Q

___% TOTAL SF ALLOCATED FOR MECHANICAL

A

4

63
Q

PEX PIPING

A

CHEAPER THAN COPPER

FASTER TO INSTALL

WON’T CORRODE LIKE COPPER

64
Q

COP

A

POWER OUTPUT/POWER INPUT

HEAT DELIVERED TO SPACE/NECESSARY WORK INPUT

65
Q

SEER

A

Output cooling energy in BTU over a season)/(input electrical energy in Wh during the same season

66
Q

CIRCULATES WATER THROUGH HEAT AND GRAVITY

A

THERMOSHIPHON

67
Q

WATER HEATING SYSTEM THAT IS BETTER FOR MULTI-STORY BUILDINGS AS THE SYSTEM DEPENDS ON GRAVITY

A

THERMOSHIPHON

68
Q

USES AQUASTATS TO HEAT WATER

A

FORCED CIRCULATION SYSTEM

69
Q

WATER HEATING SYSTEM THAT IS BETTER FOR SINGLE STORY OR LONG BUILDINGS

A

FORCED CIRCULATION SYSTEMS

70
Q

SHOULD INTEGRATE SERVICE AND FUNCTION; NORMALLY COMPOSED OF TOILET FACILITIES, ELEVATOR BANKS, CLOSETS, UTILITIES, MECHANICS, SHAFTS AND STAIRS

A

BUILDING SERVICE CORE

71
Q

ANOTHER WAY TO SAY HOT WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

A

DISTRIBUTION TREES

72
Q

ROOTS =

A

MACHINES THAT HEAT THE WATER

73
Q

TRUNK =

A

MAIN PIPE DUCTS FROM MECHANICAL ROOM TO ZONE BEING SERVED

74
Q

BRANCHES =

A

SMALL PIPE OR DUCTS TO INDIVIDUAL AREAS

75
Q

PRIMARY LEVEL OF SEWAGE

A

SEPTIC TANKS OR ACTIVE TREATMENT UNITS (ATU)

76
Q

SECONDARY LEVEL OF SEWAGE

A

DISPOSAL FIELDS, SEEPAGE PITS, MOUNDS WITH LEACHING BEDS, BURIED SAND FILTERS

77
Q

FOUR MAIN HVAC SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION

A

DIRECT REFRIGERANT
ALL AIR
AIR AND WATER
ALL ATER

78
Q

BASIC PARTS OF COMPRESSIVE REFRIGERATION CYCLE

A

COMPRESSOR, CONDENSER, THERMAL EXPANSION VALVE, EVAPORATOR, REFRIGERANT

79
Q

TRI GENERATION

A

CENTRALIZED HEATING AND COOLING

COMBINED COOLING HEAT AND POWER

80
Q

COGENERATION

A

MICROTURBINES RUNNING ON NATURAL GAS TO GENERATE ENERGY, ELECTRICITY AND HOT WATER

COMBINED HEAT AND POWER

81
Q

GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP

A

USES EARTH AS HEAT SOURCE IN WINTER OR HEAT SINK IN SUMMER

EC2 (3 decks)

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