Exam 02 - ONLY STD and IMMUNIZATION Flashcards
Two Sources of HIV financial assistance
Ryan White HIV/AIDS Treatment Extension Act of 2009
ADAP: AIDS Drug Assistance Porgram
Primary Infection Stage of HIV
Mono-like syndrome, may go unrecognised
WBC drop for brief time; increased immune response to initial infection, self limiting illness
S/sx: lymphadenopathy, myalgia, sore throat, lethargy, rash, fever
Second Stage of HIV: Clinical Latency
period when body shows no symptoms but gradual deterioration of immune system during incubation period.
Can transmit virus to others
Third Stage of HIV: Symptomatic Disease
AIDS is the last stage. Damage from HIV, secondary cancers, or opportunistic organisms
What is AIDS? Diagnosis?
disabling or life threatening illness caused by HIV
Dx: CD4 T-lymph count <200 w documented HIV infection
Modes of transmission for HIV (4)
- sexual contact
- needle sharing
- perinatal transmission
- transfusions, organ transplants, semen from HIV positive
Who is HIV reported to?
CDC
What are the 2 tests done for HIV
HIV antibody test
Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (screens blood and other donor products)
s/sx HIV in kids
failure to thrive
unexplained persistent diarrhea
dev. delays
bact inf such as TB, severe pneumonia
bacterial STDs (3)
gonorrhea, syphillis, chlamydia
viral STDs (3)
HSV, HIV, HPV
Which STD has the highest risk for PID?
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia s/sx
Dysuria, urinary frequency, purulent vaginal discharge
Chlamydia neonate s/sx
conjuncitivitis and pneumonia
Coinfection STDs
gonorrhea and chlamydia
Gonorrhea s/sx
Thick, cloudy or bloody discharge from the penis or vagina.
Pain or burning sensation when urinating.
Heavy menstrual bleeding or bleeding between periods.
Syphillis s/sx by stages
first stage involves a painless sore on the genitals, rectum, or mouth. untreated, goes away in 3-6 wks
second stage is characterized by a rash, lymphadenopathy, mucosal ulceration
latency period
final stage can result in damage to the brain, nerves, eyes, or heart. occurs years later
Can you infect others with asymptomatic HSV?
yes
HSV-1 and HSV-2 s/sx
HSV1: blister-like, painful lesions in mouth
HSV2: blister-like, painful lesions on genitals, buttocks, upper thighs
HSV lesions and pregnancy
C-section recommended if active lesions are present
Most common reportable disease in the US
Chlamydia
HPV s/sx
cauliflower-like warts on the genitals or surrounding skin
Is there a cure for viral STDs?
no
Main danger of HPV
cervical cancer
6 types of vaccines
mRNA
Live attenuated
Inactive
Conjugate
Subunit
Toxoid
Live vaccines: My Very Rude Sister Yawned
MMR
Varicella
Rotavirus
Smallpox
Yellow fever
Oral and SQ Vaccines Mnmemonic: Our Rude Sister Made You Vomit
Oral: Rotavirus
SQ: MMR, Yellow fever, Varicella
What vaccine is given at birth?
Hep B and RSV
DTAP/TDAP SCHEDULE:
In pregnancy, then…
2,4,6,15-18 mo
4-6 yrs
11-12 yrs
adult: Q10yrs
Vaccines given at 2,4,6 mo: DIHHPeR
DTap
IPV
Hep B
Hib
PCV (Pneumococcal)
Rotavirus
Vaccines at 12-15 mo: Harry V Potter, MD
Hib
Varicella
PCV
MMR
DTap
Vaccines at 4-6 years old: I Did My Vaccines
IPV
Dtap
MMR
Varicella
Vaccines at 11-12: Tweens Have Money
Tdap
HPV
Meningococcal (MCV4)
Vaccination for college aged people
Bacterial meningitis!
MCV4: 2 doses, 1 at 11-12, 1 at 16
MENB: 1 dose at 19-23
Vaccination for odler people
RZV (Zoster recombinant - shingles)
Contraindications to immunisation
Fever >102
Moderate-severe illness
Pregnancy -no live vaccine
Immunosuppressed
Sensitivity to components of the agent
Prior hx of severe allergic reaction
Adverse immunisation treatment
Generalised s/sx – activate EMS, assess ABC and LOC
Administer epinephrine
CPR if necessary
What is the VIS?
Vaccination Information Sheet
Must be given to the pt prior to administering vaccine
Document giving it, and in their own language
Consent for vaccination
You may not modify the sheet
