Exam #01 - Pulmonary Assessment Flashcards
Which lung disease is defined as increased airway resistance making expiration more difficult?
Obstructive lung disease
Caused by airway narrowing from disease, tumor, or excess mucus production
Which lung disease is defined as a disease which prevents the lungs from expanding and patient unable to get adequate volume of air in lungs?
Restrictive lung disease
Disease causes lungs to become hard and stiff
Name (3) conditions classified as obstructive lung disease.
- asthma
- emphysema
- chronic bronchitis
Name (4) conditions classified as restrictive lung disease.
- pneumonia
- lung cancer
- interstitial fibrosis
- sarcoidosis (abnormal collection of chronic inflammatory cells in lungs)
What would cause the abnormal lung sound of Inspiratory/expiratory Wheezing?
airway narrowing
What would cause the abnormal lung sound of Rhonchi?
airway narrowing
What would cause the abnormal lung sound of Crackles?
fluid in lungs or infection
What would cause the abnormal lung sound of Stridor?
blockage of trachea or larynx. patient usually in respiratory distress
What are the (3) functions of the pulmonary system?
- ventilation - inhalation and exhalation (exchange of air between lungs and environment)
- perfusion - passage of blood through the lungs
- diffusion - exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and blood
What are the (5) most common causes of lung disease?
- smoking
- asbestos
- pollution
- infections
- genetics
A pulmonary exam involves many elements including S/S, physical exam, abnormal lung sounds, patient’s history, and diagnostic/monitoring tests. What are 5 S/S to look for during a pulmonary exam?
- cough - dry vs productive
- dyspnea - SOB
- Chest pain
- hemptysis - coughing up blood
- cyanosis - extremities becoming blue from lack of O2
Which non-invasive diagnostic/monitoring test is used to evaluate patient oxygenation in blood using red and infrared light?
pulse oximetry
What is the most common pulmonary function test that measures the amount and flow of air pre and post bronchodilators?
Spirometry
Which pulmonary function test is the most accurate but also the most expensive involving a pressure box and is based on Boyle’s law of pressure?
Plethysmography
Which pulmonary function test involves the patient being given a small amount of CO2 or helium and then getting an ABG to check diffusion of administered gas?
Diffusing capacity
Which lung volume is the volume inhaled/exhaled during normal breathing?
Tidal volume (TV)
Which lung volume is the max air inhaled above TV?
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Which lung volume is the max air exhaled below TV?
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Which lung volume is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after max exhalation?
Residual volume (RV)
True or False - residual volume can only be measured by plethysmography (pressure box) and not spirometry?
True - all other lung volumes can be measured using spirometry
A patient with restrictive lung disease would have a _____ IRV (lower or higher)?
lower
A patient with obstructive lung disease would have a ______ RV (lower or higher)?
higher - difficult to expire air from lungs and therefore more remains in lungs giving a higher residual volume
Which measurement of total lung capacity is the max amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration?
Forced vital capacity (FVC)
FEV1/FVC ratio is a specific measure of _____?
What is the normal ratio (%)? What % would suggest obstruction?
airway obstruction
normall > 70%
<70% suggests obstruction
