Exam 0.1 Flashcards
What does mitosis produce?
Two new cells that are identical to the original cell with the same number of chromosomes
Mitosis differs from meiosis as the chromosome number remains the same and does not involve crossing over.
What is trisomy 21?
A condition where there are three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two
This extra chromosome causes Down syndrome, which is linked to developmental and intellectual challenges.
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
- Nitrogen base (A, T, C, or G)
- Sugar (deoxyribose in DNA)
- Phosphate group
How are proteins made from DNA?
DNA is copied into mRNA, which is then used at the ribosome to assemble amino acids in the correct order
This process is essential for protein synthesis.
How can you determine the gender of an individual via a karyotype?
Look at the 23rd pair of chromosomes: XX indicates female, XY indicates male.
Definitions:
- Allele: A variant form of a gene found at a specific location on a
Chromosome
- Amino Acid: Organic molecules that are the building blocks of
Proteins
- Autosome: A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
found in pairs in most organisms.
- Chromatid: One half of a replicated chromosome
which is
connected to its identical counterpart by a centromere.
- Chromosome: A structure made of DNA and proteins that
carries genetic information.
- Complementary Base Pairs: Pairs of nitrogenous bases in
DNA (A-T
C-G) that bond together to form the double helix.
- DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid
the molecule that carries genetic
information.
- Gene: A segment of DNA that encodes for a specific protein or
function.
- Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism
represented by
the alleles it carries.
