EX4: Cell Structure and Cycle

Question 1

controls movement of substance into and out of the cell

Answer 1

plasma membrane

Question 2

folds of the plasma membrane that increase the surface area of the cell to increase absorption or secretion

Answer 2

microvilli

Question 3

contains DNA molecules and nucleolus

Answer 3

nucleus

Question 4

assembly site for ribosomes

Answer 4

nucleolus

Question 5

long thin strands within nucleus. each strand composed of one DNA molecule and associated proteins.

Answer 5

chromatin

Question 6

area of the cell between plasma membrane and nucleus. includes cytosol and organelles

Answer 6

cytoplasm

Question 7

fluid portion of the cytoplasm in which many of the cells’ chemical reactions occur

Answer 7

cytosol

Question 8

make ATP via aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 8

mitochondria

Question 9

site of protein synthesis in cytosol and RER

Answer 9

ribosomes

Question 10

synthesize proteins and phospholipids used in the plasma membranes and organelles or secreted via exocytosis

Answer 10

rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 11

fatty acid and steroid synthesis; detoxifies toxic substances; stores calcium

Answer 11

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Question 12

receives and modifies proteins from RER; sorts and modifies them for transport

Answer 12

golgi complex

Question 13

secrete substances outside the cell by exocytosis

Answer 13

secretory veesicles

Question 14

enzymes digest and recyle worn out organelles and substances entering the cell; can digest the cell

Answer 14

lysosome

Question 15

produce hydrogen peroxide; detoxify armful substances

Answer 15

peroxisomes

Question 16

three kinds of protein filaments; maintain cell shape and involved in cell movement and movement of organelles

Answer 16

cytoskeleton

Question 17

form mitotic spindle; needed to form cilia and flagella

Answer 17

centrosomes (centrioles)

Question 18

abundant, hair-like projections that move fluids and particles along the cell surface

Answer 18

cilia

Question 19

long cell projection, whip-like motion moves sperm

Answer 19

flagella

Question 20

cells are long, cylindrical cells that contain specialized proteins (contractile) that enable them to contract to move bones. the contractive proteins are organized into repeating units that can be observed in the light microscope as striations

Answer 20

skeletal muscle

Question 21

have cilia that move substances like mucus along the surface of the cell. mucus is produced by specialized cells called goblet cells

Answer 21

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells

Question 22

microvolli increase the surface area of the plasma membrane which provides a larger area for absorption of nutrients along the gastrointestinal tract or secretion of product from glands

Answer 22

nonciliated simple columnar epithelium with microvilli

Question 23

nervous tissue cells with many processes (cell extensions) that receive info from other neurons and send electrical signals to muscle cells causing them to contract

Answer 23

motor neurons

Question 24

small, oval cells with a flagellum that propels them through the female reproductive tract

Answer 24

sperm

Question 25

do not have a nucleus (anucleate) but contain large amounts of hemoglobin, a red pigment that binds oxygen

Answer 25

red blood cell

Question 26

have nuclei with different shapes and defend the body from pathogens and cancerous cells

Answer 26

white blood cells

Question 27

period between cell divisions; cells are metabolically active and growing; DNA, organelles and other cell components replicate; chromosomes cannot be seen with a light microscope

Answer 27

interphase

Question 28

somatic cell division

Answer 28

mitotic phase

Question 29

nuclear devision

Answer 29

mitosis

Question 30

nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear; chromatin condenses into chromosomes; centrioles move to opposite poles; spindle fibers form

Answer 30

prophase

Question 31

chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate; spindle fibers attach to centromeres of chromatids

Answer 31

metaphase

Question 32

chromatids of chromosomes seperate; move to opposite poles

Answer 32

anaphase

Question 33

cell reverses prophase activties

Answer 33

telophase

Question 34

cytoplasmic division into two genetically identical daughter cells; begins during anaphase with formation of cleavage furrow; ends with completion of telophase

Answer 34

cytokinesis