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edexcel igcse physics > EX unit five: solids, liquids and gases > Flashcards

EX unit five: solids, liquids and gases Flashcards

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1
Q

density =

A

mass / volume

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2
Q

what is the symbol for density

A

ρ

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3
Q

what is the symbol for volume

A

V

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4
Q

what is density measured in

A

kg/m cubed or g/cm cubed

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5
Q

how do you convert from g/cm cubed to kg/m cubed

A

multiply by 1000

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6
Q

how do you measure volume (solid)

A

measure width (w), height (h), and depth (d) and multiply together.

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7
Q

how do you measure mass (solid)

A

use an electronic balance

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8
Q

how do you measure mass (liquid)

A

put a measuring cylinder on the electronic balance, zero it, and pour in the liquid.

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9
Q

how do you measure volume (liquid)

A

pour the liquid in a measuring cylinder. it may be callibrated in ml: 1ml = 1cm cubed.

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10
Q

pressure =

A

force / area

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11
Q

whats the symbol for area

A

A

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12
Q

what is pressure measured in

A

pascals (Pa)

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13
Q

what is pressure

A

weight in newtons per metre squared acting down on a surface.

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14
Q

1 Pa =

A

1 N/m squared

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15
Q

pressure difference =

A

height x density x gravitational field strength

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16
Q

what is the symbol for PRESSURE difference

A

p

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17
Q

process of solid to liquid

A

melting

18
Q

process of liquid to gas

A

boiling

19
Q

process of gas to liquid

A

condensation

20
Q

process of liquid to solid

A

freezing

21
Q

what is a boiling point

A

when a liquid becomes a gas

22
Q

what is a melting/freezing point

A

when solid becomes a liquid

23
Q

describe the structure and position of molecules in a solid substance

A

the molecules in a solid are tightly packed and held in fixed positions by strong forces. the molecules can vibrate around their fixed positions. as the solid gets hotter the vibrations get bigger.

24
Q

describe the structure and position of molecules in a liquid substance

A

closely packed
irregular structure
intermolecular forces are strong molecules move randomly.

25
Q

describe the structure and position of molecules in a gas substance

A

widely spaced
continuous state of random motion
weak intermolecular forces except during collisions
molecules move randomly.

26
Q

what is specific heat capacity

A

the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1 kilogram of a certain substance by 1 degree celsius.

27
Q

what is the unit for specific heat capacity

A

J/kg degrees celsius

28
Q

what is the symbol for specific heat capacity

A

c

29
Q

heat change =

A

mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change

30
Q

what is the symbol for heat change

A

ΔQ

31
Q

what is the symbol for temperature change

A

ΔT

32
Q

1st gas law: the random motion of gas and liquid particles explains why…

A

pressure acts in all directions at any point

33
Q

2nd gas law: the speed of molecules increases with temperature, so as we heat gases in a rigid container, more…

A

energetic collisions with the walls happen more frequently, raising the pressure of the gas.

34
Q

3rd gas law: the temperature of a gas in Kelvin is proportional to…

A

the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules

35
Q

what is Boyle’s law

A

that volume is inversely proportional to pressure.

36
Q

p1 x V1 =

A

p2 x V2

37
Q

p1/p2 =

A

V2/V1

38
Q

what is absolute zero

A

when you cool a fixed mass of gas at constant volume, its pressure drops. if you continue to cool the gas below 0 degrees celsius, the pressure will keep dropping until the pressure is zero, and graphs predict that this will happen when the temperature is -273 degrees celsius, and this is the lowest possible temperature. this is called 0 Kelvin (K).

39
Q

how do you convert celsius to kelvin

A

add 273

40
Q

how do you convert kelvin to celsius

A

subtract 273

41
Q

p1/T1 =

A

p2/T2

42
Q

what does the pressure law mean

A

if you double the kelvin temperature of gas in a rigid container the pressure of the gas doubles.

edexcel igcse physics (13 decks)

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