ex sci final Flashcards
What is motor behavior?
Motor behavior is any action or behavior that results in movement.
What is motor control?
Motor control is the ability of an organism’s nervous system to regulate movement.
What are the three stages of information processing?
Stimulus recognition: Thinking about what is about to happen and recognizing the stimulus.
Response selection: Responding to the stimulus (e.g., rotating the arm, opening the hand, catching a ball).
Response programming: Programming the response to the stimulus.
What is the term used for the process of converting short-term memory into long-term memory?
encoding
What is contextual interference?
Contextual interference refers to improving a small skill that improves the overall larger skill.
What is the challenge point in learning?
The challenge point is the relationship between learning and the difficulty of a task, where there is an optimal learning level that occurs when the difficulty is appropriately balanced.
What is the difference between closed-loop and open-loop theories?
Closed-loop theory: Involves receiving feedback during the task to adjust movements and enhance accuracy.
Open-loop theory: Does not involve feedback during the task; movements are pre-programmed.
True or False: Closed-loop theory enhances the accuracy of muscle actions to improve a task.
true
What is clinical biomechanics?
Clinical biomechanics focuses on improving a person’s movements in a clinical setting.
What is sport biomechanics?
Sport biomechanics focuses on improving movement and performance in sports contexts (e.g., running, jumping).
What does the majority of human movement refer to?
general motion
What are the two types of translation in linear movement?
Curvilinear motion: Movement along a curved path.
Rectilinear motion: Movement along a straight line.
In which plane of movement does abduction and adduction occur?
frontal plane
In which plane do push-ups, lunges, and squats occur?
sagital plane
What are examples of hand exercises for pronation and supination?
Pronation: Pull-ups.
Supination: Chin-ups.
In which anatomical plane do pronation and supination occur?
Transverse plane.
What does NASM stand for and what are two of its certifications?
NASM: National Academy of Sports Medicine.
PES: Performance Enhancement Specialist.
CES: Corrective Exercise Specialist.
Which certification is considered the best for exercise physiology?
ACSM
What is required to train someone professionally?
A license, which must be renewed annually.
What is the term for the distribution of force applied to the body?
pressure
In which plane does lateral movement (side to side) occur?
frontal plane
Is ergonomics important for all types of workers?
yes
Which aspect of sports biomechanics is involved in injury prevention?
All of the above (movement technique, equipment, body mechanics, etc.).
What is the most important factor to improve athletic performance?
technique
If your goal is to improve fitness and performance, what should you focus on?
Fitness and functional capacity testing.
What is an example of a test to challenge your fitness and functional skills?
Aerobic test: Timed mile.
Anaerobic test: 440-yard run.
Balance and stability: Functional get-up test.
What is the difference between lab testing and field testing?
Lab testing: Conducted in a controlled environment and offers higher validity.
Field testing: Conducted on-site or in the field, with more practical application but often less controlled
Which type of testing is generally considered to have more validity?
lab testing
What is the focus of clinical biomechanics?
Improving an individual’s movements in a clinical setting.
What is the focus of sport biomechanics?
Enhancing movement and performance in sports contexts
What is the difference between statics and dynamics in biomechanics?
Statics: Examines bodies and forces at rest or moving at a constant velocity.
Dynamics: Investigates bodies and forces when they are accelerating or decelerating.
What does the term “mechanical systems” refer to in biomechanics?
The operational definition of the system of interest (e.g., a limb, the entire body, or a specific segment).
What is standard reference terminology in biomechanics?
Common and specific terminology that precisely identifies body positions and movement directions.
What does joint movement terminology describe?
the movement of bones and joints in the body
