Ex 3 - AC for horses Flashcards
AC - size of horses
handling/restraint moving/positioning neuro/myopathy VQ mismatch Horses need to stand immediately!
How does their behavior affect anesthesia?
“Flight or Fight” response
- self-destructive nature
Need quiet environment and experienced handling (minimize the risk)
What happens to CV during anesthesia?
Dec myocardial contractility
Dec CO (~40%) –> dec BP
*most need inotropic support
Poor tissue perfusion in horses can result in ______
post-anesthetic myopathy
*horses are not meant to lay down
What happens to respiratory function during anesthesia?
Very sensitive to depressant effects!
Hypoventilation is common
- abdominal distention
- position (head down)
*IPPV may be needed
Respiratory Function - Oxygenation
- Severe V/Q mismatch
Administer:
- 100% O2
- IPPV
How long do you keep them intubated?
As long as possible –> at least until they are standing
- Obligate nasal-breathers
- risk of obstruction in recovery (nasal congestion)
GI system during anesthesia
Large colon:
- distention from gas or feed
- compromised CV fxn
- Pre-op fasting (morning of)
Anesthesia decreases GI motility
- risk of ileus
Recumbency
Increased risk of myopathies and neuropathies
V/Q mismatch
- *Good padding very important!!
- **Stand within 1 hr after anesthesia
What is the most dangerous (and frustrating) period?
Recovery
2 main complications during recovery?
- fractures and other injuries from attempts to stand
2. upper airway obstruction
What can we do to minimize risk during recovery?
- maintain airway (ET tube)
- prevent hypoxemia (O2 insufflation)
- padded stall
- additional sedation
- assist recovery if needed
Common sedation protocols
a2 agonists –> xylazine, detmodine, or romifidine
or
Acepromazine
What can we add to sedation drugs?
Butorphanol (or morphine)
*Opioids create excitement when given alone – must be given in combo! (a2 agonists or ace)
Common induction protocol
Ketamine & diazepam/midazolam
