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Sam things > Ex 2 Know it stuff > Flashcards

Ex 2 Know it stuff Flashcards

1
Q

At which interval is the delay in AV node represented?

A

PR interval

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2
Q

6 steps to preform ECG…GO!?

A
  1. Gen assessment
  2. Calc HR
  3. Measure RR
  4. Check out that P,QRS, T
  5. ID an ectopic complex
  6. ID any pauses
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3
Q

You look at the ecg and you have P waves with High amplitude…what the heck does this mean?!?

A

R atrial enlargement

High p..has a peak…think pulmonary…pulmonary is on the right

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4
Q

Now the ecg has a wide P…what does this mean?

A

L atrial enlarment

Wide, looks like a mound- mound for mitral..and mitral is on the Left

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5
Q

Sinus arrthymia (SA) norm or not normal?

A

Normal in awake, resting calm DOGS

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6
Q

What would have a wide QRS?

A 
VPC, V tach
BBB
Vent enlargement 
Escape beats
Electrolyte: HYPERkalemia
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7
Q

You have an animal that presented with SVT (suprventrcular tachy) what drug are you going to give…..

A

DILTIAZEM

-ca channel blocker class 4

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8
Q

Animal presents with AFib (atrial fibrillation) what is your first choice drug??

A

DILTIAZEM

-ca channel blocker class 4

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9
Q

Animal presents with Vtach (ventricular Tachycardia) what is your first choice drug?

A

LIDOCAINE

-Na channel blocker class 1

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10
Q

If animal presents with any of these 3 things… you better get excited because you get to put in a pacemaker…what are they?

A

AVB: high grade 2nd deg/3rd deg ab block
Sinus sick syndrome: Brady requires it
Primary atrial stand still: ONLY primary

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11
Q

Atrial stand still if primary gets a _______

Atrial stand still would secondly be caused by ________and not require a pacemaker?

A

Pacemaker

HYPERkalemia

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12
Q

The chicken or the egg..which comes first?

Congestive HF or Low output HF??

A

YASSSS!!!

Congestive HF happens FIRST then Low output HF!!!

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13
Q

Preload—what in the world is it?

A

Amount of STRECHING of ventricular myocytes prior to contraction

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14
Q

Afterload— what is this?

A

The TENSION acting on ventricular myocytes after onset of myocyte shortening

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15
Q

Fluid accumulation.. left sided HF will result in what?

A

Pumonlary effusion- edema

LEFT is in the LUNGS!!!

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16
Q

Location for fluid accumulation in right sided HF will result in what?

A

Effusion in the body cavities!!

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17
Q

HF therapy..tell me your 3 goals

A
  1. Relieve congestion
  2. Imp cardiac output
  3. Prevent progression
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18
Q

Fursoimide is your 1st choice to do what?

A

Reduce edema

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19
Q

What drug is a k sparing cardioprotective (anti-fibrotic)

A

Spironolactone

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20
Q

An ACE inhibitor would be better used in a chronic or acute patient?

A

CHRONIC!!

-will combat chronic effects of RASS

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21
Q

Dog presents with hypertension…whats your go to drug?

A

Benazepril

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22
Q

Cat presents with hypertension..what’s the drug of choice?

A

Amlodipine

- Ca channel blocker

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23
Q

Again…what can Diltiazem treat? (2 things)

A

A fib, supraventricular tachy

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24
Q

Again…what can lidocaine be used for (there are 2)?

A

Suppress VPC’s ; vent tachy

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25
Q

You have a dog that presents with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy…tx it with what

A

Sotolol

  • class 3 Anti- arrhythmic
  • k channel blocker (some B-block)
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26
Q

That are the 4 classes of drugs?

A

Class 1: Na channel blocker
Class 2: b- blocker
Class 3: k blocker
Class 4: ca channel blocker

(Stretch before playing catch)

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27
Q

If a patient presents in distress…which drug should you NOT use?

A

B-blocker

Don’t be an ass hole to the heart and AVOID these in acute HF or ventricular systolic dysfunction

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28
Q

You have a patient with HF and the O think is is a good idea to limit the protein because their breeder said so. Is limiting the protein a solid plan yes/no and explain..

A

NOOOO this is a bad idea, your breeder didn’t go to vet school!

HF patient should have a HIGH quality protein diet. DO NOT limit the protein- the patient will get cahexia (loss of lean body mass). The breeder may have thought this becuase they heard about that azotemia….but the azotemia we see in HF patients is due to secondary renal failure NOT protein!

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29
Q

You hear split S2 sound.. if this is pathological what is it due to?

A

Pulmonary hypertension

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30
Q

Animal presents with eyes having Retinal hemorrhage..what is going on!!?

A

Systemic hypertension

31
Q

Jug vein distension should NEVER be seen unless high systemic pressure is present. If a patient presents with pulsation of the Jug higher than the distal 1/3 of the neck what problem is going on in their heart?

A

Right sided heart problem

32
Q

Tell me about S1

A

Lub- low pitch
Tricuspid/ mitral closes
Pulmonary/ aortic Open

33
Q

If a murmur is not a diagnosis then what is it

A

A murmur is turbulent flow (most systolic occurring between S1 and S2) there is normally something happening that is causing that turbulent flow and that is what we have to figure out

34
Q

Animal presents with abdominal distension…what side of the heart is failing?

A

Right sided HF

35
Q

Primary Sinus tach/ sinus Brady are due to?

A

Sinus node dysfunction

Sinus sick syndrome

36
Q

animal has a leasion in the cerebellum will it have CP signs or not?

A

NO it will not

37
Q

Animal presents with horizontal nystagmus why does it have this?

A

Peripheral ear problem

38
Q

lil’ teeeny tiny kitten comes in and O already knows it has cerebellar hypoplasia, what clinical signs should it have?

A

Ataxia, cp reflexes okay

Its a tiny drunk kitten 🐱

39
Q

Animal comes in HBC with crainial trauma…what it the first thing you do?!

A

Tx the shock 1st before anything else

40
Q

You got seizures you give….

A

Phenobarbital

41
Q

Tiny k9 PDA murmur is…
Femoral pulse is….
Can we cure PDA?

A

Continous H-murmur @ left heart base
Femoral pulse: bounding
we CAN cure PDA!!

42
Q

Subaortic stenosis essentric or concentric

A

Concentric!! Pressure builds up

43
Q

PDA essentric or concentric?

A

essential vol overload

44
Q

Subaortic stenosis we treat with?

A

Atenolol

B-blocker to dec the myocardial demand

45
Q

Subaortic stenosis (SAS) is at risk for what?

A

Endocarditis

46
Q

Pumlmonic stenosis essentric or concentric

A

Concentric

47
Q

Ventricular septal defect essentric or concentric?

A

Essentric

48
Q

WAIT A SECOND!! Do you know what
Essentric mean?
Concentric means?

A

Essential: vol overload (assoc. w/ diastole)
Concentric: pressure overload (assoc. w/ systole)

If you stuggle remembering this think pressured to consent!

49
Q

Cute young animal presents with REGURGITAION!! What is your first thought

A

Persistent Right aortic arch

-will have left curvature of trachea on rads and congenital megaesophagus

50
Q

Innocent heart murmur..to send to a cardiologist or not to send you tell me?

A

Well its innocent…so there is your answer- do not send

  • norm low grade systolic murmur L heart base
  • monitor until 6 mos (if still there…then freak out)
51
Q

What is the most common acquired in the cats?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

52
Q

Which acquired disease can be indicated by arteriosclerosis and possible sudden death

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

53
Q

Which disease can BNP be used as a supplemental test

A 
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) - high 
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
54
Q

How do you differentiate restrictive cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Restrictive cardiomyopathy: diastolic dysfunction and NO wall hypertrophy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: (cats): diastolic dysfunction an INC all thickness

55
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy..what do you know

A

Focal, diffuse fibrosis
NORM ventricular wall
2nd most common cardiomyopathy

56
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy…what are the highlights

A 
2nd most common in dogs
A fib/ v-tach/ VPCs
Sudden death due to vent arrhythmias 
LOW output HF
BPN supplemental test 
NO CURE
57
Q

Arrhymogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

A

Syncope/ exercise intolerance
VPCs from the right ventricle
SOTALOL

58
Q

Animal presents with muffled heart sounds..what is your first thought?

A

Pericardial effusion: if tamponade present do a pericardiocentsis
NO FURSOIMIDE

59
Q 
Degenerative valve disease..signs and tax
stage B1
Stage B2
Stage C
Stage D
A

B1: NO signs & no rad/ echo evidence - just watch it
B2: NO signs, but significant valve regurge SEEN on rads & echo
(Tx: ACE inhibitor/ pimobendan)
C: past/ present clinical signs structural heart dz- depend acute/ chronic
D:HAS clinical signs, end stage- >12mg furosemide

60
Q

Criteria for diagnosis L sided HF (3 things)

A
  1. Moderate or severe Left atrial enlargement
  2. Interstitial +/- alveolar infiltrates
  3. Enlargement of the cranial and or caudal pulmonary veins
61
Q

Most common breed affected by ARVC (arrhymogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy)?

A

BOXER

62
Q

2 MOST COMMON CARDIAC TUMORS IN DOG?

A

Hemangiosarcoma

Idiopathic pericarditis

63
Q

Hemangiosarcoma location

A

Right atrium/ auricle most common

64
Q

what is one giant clue it is HCM

A

Arthrosclerosis

65
Q

HCM..is it usually symptomatic or asymptomatic?

A

Asymptomatic….It hits like a bus you isn’t see coming

66
Q

DCM can be caused by what in cats

…..need a hint think of Dr. Hammond

A

Taurine deficiency

67
Q

Dog comes in and it is a boxer….(you should already know the answer)…but O provides extra info and tells you that the dog had syncope and exercise intolerance. You run PCR and find out the boxer has a gene mutation in STRIATIN…..okay what does it have

A

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

ARVC

68
Q

Alrighty so your Boxer with ARVC..you make a smart Dr move and decide to put a holter monitor on it.. there are 2 scenarios of doing this what are they

A
  1. . put it on to check for VPCs 24 hours (because VPCs could occur 1x in that time frame and you need to find them)
  2. . when you put the boxer on the DOC (sotalol) to monitor and assure the VPCs dec by 80%..so keep the holter on for 2-3 weeks
69
Q

Welll… your boxer with ARVC…it died….so now you do a histo. What 3 things will you see?

A

Fatty infiltration
Myocyte vacuolization
Myocyte loss

70
Q

Dog comes in with pericardial effusion…you just hired a fresh vet and they approached you to confirm furosemide is the best bet to help the cutie…what will you say to this baby dogtor?

A

NO no NO no NO no NO no
Are you nuts- DO NOT TX pericardial effusion with FUROSIMIDE

Better off to use crystalloid fluids, and do a pericardiocentsis

71
Q

Dog comes in , presents with contralateral signs, behavior probs and bad menace response…what is your first thought

A

Cortex

72
Q

Dog presents-ipsilateral with cr n issue, and you are sooooo smart you know it dec rass- where is the leasion

A

Brain stem

73
Q

How in the world do you know the difference between
🧠 Contusion
🧠 Concussion

A

Contusion: there will be hemorrhage + edema in brain. More confusion, unconscious longer,

Concussion: nothing on physical, transient unconsciousness, confusion and ataxia

Sam things (1 decks)

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