ex 1 Flashcards
Exam
The invention of this product replaced vacuum tubes and made computers much smaller and faster. However, it was eventually replaced by another invention. Guess the name of this product.
Transistor
This invention helped make computers much smaller and faster. What is it called?
Integrated Circuit
This person created a machine called ‘The Analytical Engine.’ His ideas were some of the first that led to the creation of computers. Guess the name of this person. He is the father of computers.
Charles Babbage
This person created what is now known as the first computer program. The program was made to help the Analytical Engine calculate numbers. Guess the name of this person.
Ada Lovelace
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak built their first computer using a wooden box. Their company has grown and is still around today. The name of the company is:
Apple
The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes. Why were they replaced by the transistor?
Vacuum tubes consumed a lot of energy and generated excessive heat
An operating system is responsible for:
Memory management
Example of application software is:
to allow users to communicate with the computer
Data science is:
The study and analysis of data.
The five main components of computers are:
ram, CPU, Input, output, & hard drive
The input of the linker is _______ while the input to compiler are ________
Object code, high level language
Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer (ENIAC)
Was the first electronic computer used vacuum tubes
Charles Babbage invented:
The first mechanical computer
ALTAIR, 1975 is an:
Electronic computer used integrated circuit
First Generation of computing has:
Magnetic drum and assembly language
Second Generation of computing has:
Transistors and high level language
Fourth Generation of computing has:
Integrated circuits and operating systems
Examples of non-Volatile memories are:
DVD, ROM, CD, flash memory
The speed of following devices from highest to lowest:
Registers, Cache, RAM, DVD
The following 7 steps when you open a computer and run your first source program.
1)power on
2)Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) Initialization: The BIOS, stored in a ROM chip on the motherboard, initializes essential
3)Boot Loader: The BIOS loads the boot loader from the hard drive. The boot loader is a small program responsible for loading the operating system kernel into memory.
4) Kernel Initialization
5) User Space Initialization
6) User Interaction: the user interacts with the computer through the GUI or command-line interface
7) Running the First Source Code
The high level language is an object code
True
False
false
Responds to user requests and schedule tasks is type of application software
True
False
false
Moor’s law is the idea that the number of transistors on integrated circuits can be doubled every two years.
True False
true
y value for this pseudocode= 80
set a= 20, b=1, c=3, x=2
y=a(x*x) + bx +c
Print y
True
False
false
86=20(22)+12+3
y =86
A representation of an algorithm
Program
What is the output of the following code:
v1= [2,4,6], v2 = [2,3,4],
a=[v1[i]*v2[i]
for i in range(len (v1))]?
print(a)
[4, 12, 24]
What is the output of the following code:
v = [2,4,6], a=[{x: x**2}
for x in v]?
print(a)
[{2: 4}, {4: 16}, {6: 36}]
What is the output of the following code:
v = [12,7,1], a=[v[i] % 4
for i in range(len(v))]?
print(a)
[0, 3, 1]
What does print(“abcdefg”[1:4]) output?
bcd
Does the code print(“abcdef”[-3]) generate the letter d?
True
What is the output of the following code:
a=[5, 23,50,20,95],
for i in range(len(a)):
if(a[i] %5 == 0):
print(a[i], end=” “)?
5,50,20,95
Does the following code generate [ 1 0, 1 1, 2 0, 2 1]?
for i in range(1,3):
for j in range(2):
print (i, j,end=’, ‘)
True
Can the equation 1abc=100 be written in Python?
False
Does the following code have syntax errors? for
i in range(1,3)
for j in range(2)
print (i, j,end=’, ‘)
True
If a = (23, “abc”, 4.56, (2,3), ‘def’), is a[0]= 23 true?
True
Was the analytical engine the world’s first electronic digital computer?
false
Was the first electronic programmable computer, ENIAC, completed just after World War II?
True
Is computer science the study of how to write computer programs?
False
What revolution enabled us to implement algorithms that automated repetitive mental tasks?
computer
Which language characterizes the first software generation?
machine language
what is computer science?
Computer Science is the study of computer systems including
the hardware and software.
Computer science include programming, designing computer
systems, dealing with human computer interaction (HCI),data
base, Networking, Front and back end for websites, computer
animation, robotics, etc.
Data Science
Data Science is the study and analysis of
data. In order to analyze the data, we
need to extract it from the database.
Algorithm
set of steps that defines how a task is performed
Program
A representation of an algorithm
Programming
The process of developing a program
Software
Equipment; the physical elements of the system
Programming language
set of instructions written by a
programmer to deliver instructions to the computer to
perform a task
Static RAM
Made up of flip flops
Small in size
Much Expensive
Consume less power
Low storage capacity
Fast
Data sustain with time
Dynamic RAM
Made up of Capacitors
larger in size
Less expensive
Low storage capacity
slow
Data losses with time, need
refreshing circuit
Supercomputers
The fastest and most powerful computers, capable of processing vast amounts of data in real
time.
Used for highly complex calculations, simulations, and data-intensive tasks.
Extremely high processing power.
Capable of parallel processing.
Expensive and large in size.
Require specialized cooling systems.
Applications:
Climate modeling and weather forecasting.
Scientific research (e.g., simulations of nuclear reactions).
Cryptanalysis.
Space exploration.
Mainframe Computers
Large, powerful computers designed for handling vast amounts of data and supporting multiple
users simultaneously.
Used for enterprise-level applications requiring reliability and scalability.
High reliability and uptime.
Support for thousands of users.
Extensive storage capacity.
Centralized processing.
Applications:
Banking and financial transactions.
Inventory management for large retailers.
Airline reservation systems.
Government data centers.
Microcomputers (Personal Computers - PCs)
Computers designed for individual use, including desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones
Used for general-purpose tasks like word processing, internet browsing, gaming, and
multimedia.
Compact and affordable.
User-friendly interfaces.
Wide range of configurations.
Office work.
Education and e-learning.
Gaming and entertainment.
Personal productivity.
Workstations
High-performance computers designed for technical or scientific tasks.
Provide specialized processing power for demanding applications.
Powerful processors and graphics capabilities.
Typically used by professionals.
Expensive compared to standard PCs.
Applications:
Computer-aided design (CAD).
3D rendering and animation.
Scientific modeling.
Software development.
Servers
Computers designed to manage and provide resources to other devices (clients) in a network.
Handle requests, store data, and manage network operations.
High reliability and uptime.
Ability to manage multiple connections simultaneously.
Scalable configurations.
Applications:
Web hosting.
Database management.
Cloud computing.
Email and file sharing services
Embedded Systems
Specialized computers integrated into devices to perform dedicated tasks.
Control or monitor specific functions of the host device.
Characteristics:
Low power consumption.
Real-time operation.
Limited user interface.
Applications:
Automotive systems (e.g., ABS, navigation).
Consumer electronics (e.g., washing machines, smart TVs).
Medical devices (e.g., pacemakers, diagnostic tools)
Hybrid Computers
Process both continuous and discrete data.
Analog components for measuring.
Digital components for computation.
Highly specialized for niche applications.
Applications:
Medical applications (e.g., ECG machines).
Industrial process control.
Weather prediction
Cloud computers
Cloud Computing is a model of computing that provides on-demand access to shared
computing resources (like servers, storage, applications, and services) over the internet.
Cloud: A metaphor for the internet, emphasizing the delivery of computing services
remotely
In merge sorting algorithm, the first part is to merge the individual items into one list
true or false
false
If a list has the following items [ 56, 6, 87, 10], then the list after the pseudo code is [ 87, 56, 10,6]
Set n as the length of list
Set i=0
while i < n-1
set j=0
while j < n-i
if list[j] < list[j+1]
swap(list[j], list[j+1]
increment j by 1
increment i by 1 true or false
true
