Ewt - anxiety and CI

Question 1

Cognitive interview

Answer 1

Report everything
Reinstate the context
Change perspective
Reverse the order

Question 2

Report everyting

Answer 2

Witnesses are encouraged to talk about every single detail even if it might seem insignificant to them or. If they’re not confident - information which might seem trivial could trigger other important info

Question 3

Reinstate the context

Answer 3

The witness should return to the original crime scene in their mind and imagine the environment - helps with context dependant forgetting

Question 4

Change perspective

Answer 4

Witnesses should try recalling the event from another person who was theres perspective

Question 5

Reverse the order

Answer 5

Events should be recalled in reverse order to the original sequence - this prevents people from reporting their expectations of what happened (schemas) and prevents dishonesty

Question 6

Yerke-Dodson law

Answer 6

anxiety can have apositive and a negative effect on someones ability to accuratley recall EWT, performance will increase with stress but only to a certain point where it then decreases rapidly

Question 7

Deffenbacher et al (1983) - support for Yerkes Dodson law

Answer 7

• when we witness a crime we become emotionally and physiologically aroused
• this manifests both anxiety and fight or flight response
• recall is optimal when the level of anxiety/ arousal is optimal
• outside of this, lower or higher, recall is reduced

Question 8

supporitve evidence to replicate yerkes dodson

Answer 8

Valentine and Mesout (2009): subjects to describe a person they encountered in the labryth of horror. high anxiety group and low anxiety. high anxiety recall was 17% correct where as low anxiety was 75% correct.

Question 9

low construct validity - Johnson and scott

Answer 9

researchers may have been researching effect of suprise on EWT. Pickel (1988) conducted an experiement creating contrasting conditions in a hairdressing salon. she had a confed. carry scissors, gun,wallet and a raw chicken through the room. EWT was signitificatly poorer in the high unusualness conditions - chicken and gun.

Question 10

too reductionist

Answer 10

anxiety is difficult to define and measure accuratly meaning lab experiments can often be too reductionist. anxiety is made up of several components cognitive,emotional behavioural and psychological. the inverted’U’ theory only considers physical arousal which is one aspect of a complex behaviour therefore the inverted u theory doesnt offer a full hollistic explanaition of how anxiety effects EWT