Evolutionary Mechanisms Flashcards
Definition: ———– is the change in traits of a group of animals or plants over time.
Causes: Changes happen due to natural selection, mutations, migration, and genetic drift.
Evolution
Definition: ————— is the differences in genes within a group, essential for evolution.
Sources: Comes from DNA mutations and the combination of genes from both parents.
Genetic Variation
Definition: ——- is a random process that changes gene frequencies in a population by chance, not survival advantage.
Impact: Reduces genetic diversity over time, especially in small populations.
Genetic Drift
Definition: ——— occurs when a population suddenly shrinks due to a disaster.
Result: Only a few individuals contribute genes, reducing diversity and increasing random changes.
Bottleneck Effect (Genetic Drift)
Definition: ——— happens when a small group splits from a larger population to start a new one.
Result: Limited genetic diversity allows unique traits to emerge by chance
Founder Effect (Genetic Drift).
Definition: ——— occurs when new genes appear through changes in DNA.
Example: Bacteria developing resistance to antibiotics through mutations.
Mutation (Evolutionary Force)
Definition: ——- is when animals move between groups, bringing new genes.
Effect: Changes the traits of the group receiving new genes.
Migration (Gene Flow)
Definitio: ——– is when random events change traits in a population, especially impactful in small groups.
Genetic Drift (Evolutionary Force)
Definition: ——– favors traits that help animals survive; sexual selection favors traits that attract mates.
Natural Selection (Evolutionary Force)
Definition: ———— is the Process that helps species survive and reproduce by favoring useful traits.
Example: Traits that help animals live better in their environment.
Natural Selection
Definition: ———- are traits that help animals find mates are selected for, even if they don’t aid survival.
Example: A peacock’s bright feathers attract mates.
Sexual Selection
Definition: ———— are the differences between males and females, like size or color, aid in finding mates and reproduction.
Sexual Dimorphism
Definition: ——————— Can work together or conflict; traits are often a balance between attracting mates and survival.
Example: Bright feathers may attract mates but also attract predators.
Natural and Sexual Selection Interaction
