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Evolutionary History of Mammals Flashcards

1
Q

The study of animals constituting Class Mammalia/Synapsida

A

Mammalogy

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2
Q

Man whose evolutionary taxonomy classification informs our classification today, uses Neo-Darwinian Synthesis

A

George Gaylord Simpson

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3
Q

Combination of Mendelian genetics and Darwinian theory (natural selection)

A

Neo-Darwinian Synthesis

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4
Q

Two subclasses of Mammalia

A
  1. Prototheria

2. Theria

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5
Q

Subclass of egg-laying mammals

A

Prototheria

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6
Q

One order of Subclass Prototheria

A

Monotremata

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7
Q

Subclass of mammals that give live birth

A

Theria

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8
Q

Two infraclasses of Subclass Theria

A
  1. Metatheria

2. Eutheria

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9
Q

Infraclass of marsupials

A

Metatheria

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10
Q

Infraclass of placental mammals

A

Eutheria

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11
Q

Four superorders of Infraclass Eutheria

A
  1. Afrotheria
  2. Xenarthra
  3. Euarchotoglires
  4. Laurasiatheria
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12
Q

Superorder of tenrecs, aardvarks, elephants, manatees

A

Afrotheria

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13
Q

Superorder of armadillos, sloths, anteaters

A

Xenarthra

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14
Q

Two grandorders of Superorder Euarchoglires

A
  1. Archonta

2. Glires

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15
Q

Grandorder of primates, colugos, treeshrews

A

Archonta

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16
Q

Grandorder of rabbits, rodents

A

Glires

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17
Q

Four grandorders of Superorder Laurasiatheria

A
  1. Lipotyphla
  2. Ferae
  3. Euugulata
  4. Chiroptera
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18
Q

Grandorder of shrews, hedgehogs

A

Lipotyphla

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19
Q

Grandorder of carnivores, anteaters

A

Ferae

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20
Q

Grandorder of horses, pigs, deer, whales

A

Euungulata

21
Q

Grandorder of bats

A

Chiroptera

22
Q

Mammals are part of a group called

23
Q

Era with oldest fossils of synapsids

A

Late Paleozoic

24
Q

No openings in skull behind eye

25
Q

Examples of anapsids

A

Turtles, amphibians

26
Q

Single opening in the skull behind each eye

27
Q

Two openings in skull behind each eye

28
Q

Examples of diapsids

A

Reptiles, birds

29
Q

Openings in the skull mean more space for increased

A

Brain size

30
Q

Mammals and reptiles both arose from the

31
Q

Early mammal-like amniotes; large-bodied synapsids with sail supported by vertebrae

A

Pelycosaurs

32
Q

Late mammal-like amniotes; mid- to large-bodied, synapsid skull, differentiated teeth (canines)

A

Therapsids

33
Q

Two suborders of Therapsids

A
  1. Anomodontia

2. Theriodontia

34
Q

Suborder of Therapsids that tended to be herbivorous

A

Anomodontia

35
Q

Suborder of Therapsids that tended to be carnivorous

A

Theriodontia

36
Q

Members of suborder Theriodontia, secondary palate arises, premolars and molar arise

37
Q

Three early true mammals

A
  1. Triconodonts
  2. Docodonts
  3. Multituberculates
38
Q

Early true mammals, small carnivores with 3-cusp molars

A

Triconodonts

39
Q

Early true mammals, omnivores, lower molars rectangular with prominent cusps

40
Q

Early true mammals, small-bodied synapsids with differentiated teeth, multicusp molariform teeth, and procumbent lower incisors

A

Multituberculates

41
Q

Teeth sticking out of lower jaw and pointing forward

A

Procumbent

42
Q

Three lines produced by synapsids

A
  1. Steropodon
  2. Sinodelphys
  3. Juramaia
43
Q

Ancestral monotreme, Australia

A

Steropodon

44
Q

Ancestral marsupial, China

A

Sinodelphys

45
Q

Ancestral eutherian, China

46
Q

Point where dinosaurs go extinct and mammals start diversifying

A

KT Boundary

47
Q

Four examples of soft anatomy mammalian synapomorphies

A
  1. Hair
  2. Endothermy
  3. Mammary glands
  4. Acute sense of smell
48
Q

Four examples of hard anatomy mammalian synapomorphies

A
  1. Synapsid skull
  2. Diphyodonty and heterodonty
  3. Large brain
  4. Three middle ear ossicles

Mammalogy (2 decks)

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