Evolutionary History of Mammals

Question 1

The study of animals constituting Class Mammalia/Synapsida

Answer 1

Mammalogy

Question 2

Man whose evolutionary taxonomy classification informs our classification today, uses Neo-Darwinian Synthesis

Answer 2

George Gaylord Simpson

Question 3

Combination of Mendelian genetics and Darwinian theory (natural selection)

Answer 3

Neo-Darwinian Synthesis

Question 4

Two subclasses of Mammalia

Answer 4

1. Prototheria

2. Theria

Question 5

Subclass of egg-laying mammals

Answer 5

Prototheria

Question 6

One order of Subclass Prototheria

Answer 6

Monotremata

Question 7

Subclass of mammals that give live birth

Answer 7

Theria

Question 8

Two infraclasses of Subclass Theria

Answer 8

1. Metatheria

2. Eutheria

Question 9

Infraclass of marsupials

Answer 9

Metatheria

Question 10

Infraclass of placental mammals

Answer 10

Eutheria

Question 11

Four superorders of Infraclass Eutheria

Answer 11

1. Afrotheria
2. Xenarthra
3. Euarchotoglires
4. Laurasiatheria

Question 12

Superorder of tenrecs, aardvarks, elephants, manatees

Answer 12

Afrotheria

Question 13

Superorder of armadillos, sloths, anteaters

Answer 13

Xenarthra

Question 14

Two grandorders of Superorder Euarchoglires

Answer 14

1. Archonta

2. Glires

Question 15

Grandorder of primates, colugos, treeshrews

Answer 15

Archonta

Question 16

Grandorder of rabbits, rodents

Answer 16

Glires

Question 17

Four grandorders of Superorder Laurasiatheria

Answer 17

1. Lipotyphla
2. Ferae
3. Euugulata
4. Chiroptera

Question 18

Grandorder of shrews, hedgehogs

Answer 18

Lipotyphla

Question 19

Grandorder of carnivores, anteaters

Answer 19

Ferae

Question 20

Grandorder of horses, pigs, deer, whales

Answer 20

Euungulata

Question 21

Grandorder of bats

Answer 21

Chiroptera

Question 22

Mammals are part of a group called

Answer 22

Synapsids

Question 23

Era with oldest fossils of synapsids

Answer 23

Late Paleozoic

Question 24

No openings in skull behind eye

Answer 24

Anapsid

Question 25

Examples of anapsids

Answer 25

Turtles, amphibians

Question 26

Single opening in the skull behind each eye

Answer 26

Synapsid

Question 27

Two openings in skull behind each eye

Answer 27

Diapsid

Question 28

Examples of diapsids

Answer 28

Reptiles, birds

Question 29

Openings in the skull mean more space for increased

Answer 29

Brain size

Question 30

Mammals and reptiles both arose from the

Answer 30

Ammniotes

Question 31

Early mammal-like amniotes; large-bodied synapsids with sail supported by vertebrae

Answer 31

Pelycosaurs

Question 32

Late mammal-like amniotes; mid- to large-bodied, synapsid skull, differentiated teeth (canines)

Answer 32

Therapsids

Question 33

Two suborders of Therapsids

Answer 33

1. Anomodontia | 2. Theriodontia

Question 34

Suborder of Therapsids that tended to be herbivorous

Answer 34

Anomodontia

Question 35

Suborder of Therapsids that tended to be carnivorous

Answer 35

Theriodontia

Question 36

Members of suborder Theriodontia, secondary palate arises, premolars and molar arise

Answer 36

Cynodonts

Question 37

Three early true mammals

Answer 37

1. Triconodonts 2. Docodonts 3. Multituberculates

Question 38

Early true mammals, small carnivores with 3-cusp molars

Answer 38

Triconodonts

Question 39

Early true mammals, omnivores, lower molars rectangular with prominent cusps

Answer 39

Docodonts

Question 40

Early true mammals, small-bodied synapsids with differentiated teeth, multicusp molariform teeth, and procumbent lower incisors

Answer 40

Multituberculates

Question 41

Teeth sticking out of lower jaw and pointing forward

Answer 41

Procumbent

Question 42

Three lines produced by synapsids

Answer 42

1. Steropodon 2. Sinodelphys 3. Juramaia

Question 43

Ancestral monotreme, Australia

Answer 43

Steropodon

Question 44

Ancestral marsupial, China

Answer 44

Sinodelphys

Question 45

Ancestral eutherian, China

Answer 45

Juramaia

Question 46

Point where dinosaurs go extinct and mammals start diversifying

Answer 46

KT Boundary

Question 47

Four examples of soft anatomy mammalian synapomorphies

Answer 47

1. Hair 2. Endothermy 3. Mammary glands 4. Acute sense of smell

Question 48

Four examples of hard anatomy mammalian synapomorphies

Answer 48

1. Synapsid skull 2. Diphyodonty and heterodonty 3. Large brain 4. Three middle ear ossicles