Evolutionary Explanations Flashcards
In the evolutionary explanation, why do males use mate retention strategies?
Because they face the threat of cuckoldry which is a waste of his resources because it contributes to the survival of a rival’s genes and leaves the ‘father’ with fewer resources to invest in his own future offspring.
Therefore men who could avoid this were more reproductively successful so psychological mechanisms have evolved to increase anti-cuckoldry behaviour in men. Including male retention strategies (direct guarding, negative inducements).
What are the two mate retention strategies include?
- direct guarding: a man’s vigilance over a partner (eg checking who they’ve been seeing).
- negative inducements: eg threats of consequences for infidelity (I’ll kill myself if you leave me).
Are mate retention strategies linked to physical violence?
Yes. Wilson et al found that women who reported mate retention strategies were more likely to suffer from physical violent (73% required medical attention).
How is bullying an evolutionary explanation of aggression?
It was traditionally viewed as a maladaptive behaviour (eg poor social skills)
- but this view suggests it’s an adaptive strategy to increase changes of survival by promoting their own health and creating reproductive opportunities.
- this may be because bullying suggests dominance, acquisition of resources, strength and wards of rivals (so improves reproductive success).
Why could women, knowing that her children are her own, act aggressively towards a partner?
Women bully to secure their partner’s fidelity, meaning the partner confined to provide resources for future offspring. And this behaviour is naturally selected as it enhances a women’s reproductive success.
