Evolutionary aspects of animal kingdom

Question 1

What is physiology?

Answer 1

the scientific study of how various parts (cells to organs) of an organism function

Question 2

what is anatomy?

Answer 2

the scientific study of body structure

Question 3

What is an animal?

Answer 3

Multicellular eukaryote that lacks cell wall, Heterotroph, Motile at least at some time in their lives, Reproduces asexually or sexually (in most), Most have nerve and muscles

Question 4

Difference between animal and plant cell?

Answer 4

animal cells contain centrioles and lack chloroplasts and most importantly, cell walls

Question 5

What are animal body plans influenced by?

Answer 5

embryonic development pattern, germ cell layers, body symmetry and body cavity type

Question 6

What is a Morula?

Answer 6

compact mass of cells developed from zygote cleavage

Question 7

What is a blastula?

Answer 7

Hollow sphere of single layered cells derived from a Morula

Question 8

What is spiral cleavage?

Answer 8

Occurs in protostomes, newly produced cells lie in the space between the cells immediately below them, Each cells developmental path is determined as the cell is produced.

Question 9

What is radial cleavage?

Answer 9

Occurs in Deuterostomes, newly produced cells lie directly above and below other cells of the embryo, Developmental fates of the first few cells are not determined, A cell removed from the morula will go on to form a complete organism

Question 10

What are the 3 germ layers and what do they make up?

Answer 10

Ectoderm - Skin and nervous system
Endoderm –Digestive tract
Mesoderm –Muscle and skeleton

Question 11

What are the differences between Protostome embryonic development and Deuterostome embryonic development?

Answer 11

Protostome 
-Mouth develops from blastopore 
-Spiral and Determinate Cleavage
-mesoderm differentiates near blastopore 
-Schizocoelom 
Deuterostome 
-Radial and Indeterminate cleavage 
-Mesoderm originates from outpocketings of the archenteron
-Enterocoelom

Question 12

What is radial symmetry?

Answer 12

can be divided equally by any longitudinal plane passing through the central axis (Diploblasts)

Question 13

What is bilateral symmetry?

Answer 13

can be divided along a vertical plane at the middle to create two identical halves (Triploblasts)

Question 14

What is being coelomate mean?

Answer 14

A fluid-filled cavity between the intestines and the body wall Formed within the mesoderm of the embryo

Question 15

What is being acoelomate mean?

Answer 15

Not hollow, No body cavity
–Flat worms (Phylum Platyhelminthes)
-N.B. Diploblasts are all acoelomate

Question 16

What does pseudocoelomate mean?

Answer 16

Fluid-filled or organ-filled space between endoderm and mesoderm
–Roundworms(Phylum Nematoda)