Evolution; Unity and Diversity

Question 1

Amino Acid Sequencing

Answer 1

the arrangement of amino acids in a protein.

Question 2

Analogous structure

Answer 2

features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature

Question 3

anatomy

Answer 3

the branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts.

Question 4

biochemical evidence

Answer 4

(the amino acid sequence of proteins) to establish how organisms have evolved.

Question 5

Biogeography

Answer 5

the branch of biology that deals with the geographical distribution of plants and animals.

Question 6

Cladogram

Answer 6

a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species.

Question 7

Common Ancestry

Answer 7

when two or more species or animals have evolved from the same organism and share similar traits

Question 8

Descent with Modification

Answer 8

the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor.

Question 9

DNA Sequencing

Answer 9

the general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule.

Question 10

Electrophoresis

Answer 10

the movement of charged particles in a fluid or gel under the influence of an electric field.

Question 11

Embryo

Answer 11

an unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development, in particular a human offspring during the period from approximately the second to the eighth week after fertilization (after which it is usually termed a fetus).

Question 12

Embryology

Answer 12

the branch of biology and medicine concerned with the study of embryos and their development.

Question 13

Evolutionary Tree

Answer 13

A phylogenetic tree, phylogeny or evolutionary tree is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa during a specific time.

Question 14

Fossil Record

Answer 14

The fossil record is a collection of fossils documenting the history of life on Earth.

Question 15

Homologous Structure

Answer 15

between structures or DNA derived from a common ancestor and illustrates the presence of common features or traits

Question 16

Homology

Answer 16

In biology, homology is similarity due to shared ancestry between a pair of structures or genes in different taxa.

Question 17

Paleontology

Answer 17

the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants.

Question 18

Phenotypic Similarity

Answer 18

when an organism has similar physical traits as another

Question 19

Phylogeny

Answer 19

the branch of biology that deals with phylogenesis.

Question 20

Vestigial Structure

Answer 20

species inherited from an ancestor but that is now less elaborate and functional than in the ancestor.

Question 21

Sedimentary Layers

Answer 21

a layer of rock that has a uniform lithology and texture. Beds form by the deposition of layers of sediment on top of each other. The sequence of beds that characterizes sedimentary rocks is called bedding.