Evolution Und Phylogenie Flashcards

1
Q

Herstellung eines phylogenetischen Stammbaus

A
  • Maximum Parsimony
  • Distanzmethoden
  • Max likelihood
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2
Q

Stammbaum auf Basis von 1 Gen

A

Ubiquitär verbreitet , 1 Kopie im Genom

Kein Einfluss von horizontalen gentransfer

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3
Q

Ursprung des Lebens 2 Theorien

A

Replikation first RNA Welt

Metabolism first Eisen Schwefel Welt

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4
Q

Replikation First

A

Entdeckung der Ribozyme ( katalytisch aktive RNA Moleküle)

Reduktiver Acetyl-CoA-Weg (Wood-Ljungdahl-weg)

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5
Q

Metabolism first

A

CO Dehydrogenase Acetyl CoA synthase Reaktion

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6
Q

Archaea

A

Stoffwechsel Bakterientyp

Zellbiologie Eukaryotentyp(ET)

DNA abhängige RNA polymerasen (ET)
RNA polymerasen Ribosomen von ET

Zellwand kein murein weder Penicillin noch lysozym

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7
Q

Methanogene Archaea

2 formen

A

Aus h2 und CO2
4 H2+CO2–> CH4 +2 H2O+ Energie

Aus acetat
H3CCOOH—> CH4+CO2+ Energie

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8
Q

Myxobakterien

A
-Gram negativ 
Keine Flagellen
Gleitend, räuberisch
Exoenzyme
Schwarm bildend 
Bilden feuchtkältere mit Myxosporen
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9
Q

Cyanobakterien

A

Oxygens phototrophe
Vorläufer chloroplasten
Chlorophyll, photosystem 1,2 thylakoid
Viele N2 Fixierer

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10
Q

Gram positiv

A

1 zellschicht dick

Fiemicutes - niedrige GC

Endosporen

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11
Q

Gram negativ

A

2 Membranen
Peptidoglykan dünn
Actinobacteria - hohes GC
Keine endosporen

Typische Boden Bakterien

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12
Q

Cytoplasmamembran (CM)

A

Beweglich flexibel

Phospholipids eukaryote und eubacteria
Alkylglycerinether archaea

Sterole eukaryote Bzw hopanoide prokaryotes —> membranverstärker

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13
Q

CM Funktion

A

Permeabilitätsbarriere

Proteinanker

Energiespeicher

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14
Q

Murein

A

3 dimensionales Netz

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15
Q

Antibiotikum

A

Töten oder hemmen von MOs

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