Evolution Terms

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

change occurring in a line over time

Question 2

Adaptation?

Answer 2

a heritable trait that helps the survival and/or reproduction of an organism in its present environment

Question 3

Dimorphic trait

Answer 3

traits with 2 distinct forms

Question 4

Polymorphic trait?

Answer 4

traits with more than 2 distinct form

Question 5

What are the 3 mutation types

Answer 5

neutral, lethal, and beneficial mutation

Question 6

What is a neutral mutation?

Answer 6

has no effect on survival or reproduction

Question 7

What is a lethal mutation?

Answer 7

results in death

Question 8

What is beneficial mutation?

Answer 8

presents a slight advantage toward survival or reproduction

Question 9

Mutation

Answer 9

change in DNA patterns

Question 10

Gene pool

Answer 10

the sum of all the genes in a population

Question 11

Allele frequency

Answer 11

the rate at which a specific allele appears within a population

Question 12

Microevolution

Answer 12

change in allele frequency in the gene pool of a population or species

Question 13

Macroevolution

Answer 13

Large scale evolutionary pattern above the species level

Question 14

What are 2 types of evolution?

Answer 14

divergent and convergent evolution

Question 15

Divergent Evolution

Answer 15

changes in body form from a common ancestor

Question 16

Convergent Evolution

Answer 16

when similar traits evolve independently in species that do not appear to share any recent common ancestry

Question 17

Homologous structure

Answer 17

• structures in organisms that share the same basic form

- structures appear in separate lineages because they evolved from a common ancestor

Question 18

Vestigial Structures

Answer 18

structures that exist in organisms but seem to have no apparent function at all

Question 19

Analogous Structures

Answer 19

look alike but evolve independently

Question 20

Transitional forms

Answer 20

an intermediate form of an organism linking two other organisms together

Question 21

How many patterns are there of natural selection and what are they?

Answer 21

3.

directional, stabilizing, and disruptive selection

Question 22

Directional Selection

Answer 22

an extreme trait is more favorable
Individuals with a trait of one type are selected against
not biologically successful

Question 23

Stabilizing Selection

Answer 23

an intermediate trait is more favorable
Midrange form of a trait is selected for
adaptive- biologically successful

Question 24

Disruptive Selection

Answer 24

extremely different traits are more adaptive
Forms at extreme ranges are selected for
adaptive- biologically successful

Question 25

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 25

traits that differ between males and females

occurs in plants and animals

Question 26

Genetic Variance

Answer 26

the diversity of alleles and genotypes within a population

Question 27

Genetic Drift

Answer 27

random change in an allele’s frequency in the gene pool

Question 28

Gene flow

Answer 28

movement of alleles between population

Question 29

Speciation

Answer 29

evolutionary process in which new species form

Question 30

What are the 3 types of speciation?

Answer 30

allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric`

Question 31

allopatric speciation

Answer 31

arises from physical separation between populations