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Biology Unit 8 - Evolution > Evolution Study Guide > Flashcards

Evolution Study Guide Flashcards

To understand the overall ideas in the evolution unit.

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What types of evidence supports the theory of evolution?

A

Homologous structures Fossil records Comparative biochemistry Comparative embryology

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2
Q

What is behavioral adaptation?

A

Behaviors that are inherited by individuals. Do not confuse them with normal physiological functions.

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3
Q

Which scientist suggested that acquired characteristics can be inherited by offspring?

A

Jean LaMarck

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4
Q

Which method would provide the best preservative technique for fossils?

A

Freezing in ice

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5
Q

What did Thomas Malthus determine to be the primary limiting factor in any population of organisms?

A

Competition for resources. Food, water, shelter.

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6
Q

The bones in a whale flipper and a human hand would be considered homologous or analogous?

A

Homologous

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7
Q

Geographic or reproductive isolation is required for what?

A

Speciation

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8
Q

Which of the ancestral humans has the greatest brain capacity?

A

Homo sapiens

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9
Q

How quickly does a complex adaptation probably evolve?

A

Probably slowly, over time.

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10
Q

The digestion of food is an example of what type of adaptation?

A

Biochemical or physiological

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11
Q

Which similarity would provide better evidence of a common evolutionary ancestor?

A

Similar sequences of nucleotides in DNA.

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12
Q

Most fossils are found in what kind of rock?

A

Sedimentary

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13
Q

An organ that is incomplete or no longer has any apparent uses is called what?

A

Vestigial

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14
Q

What two kinds of molecules would be used to support evolution?

A

Nucleic acids Proteins

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15
Q

_____ occurs when a physical barrier cuts a single breeding population in two.

A

Geographic isolation

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16
Q

Darwin first started to develop the idea of evolution after visiting the _____ Islands.

A

Galapagos

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17
Q

What is punctuated equilibrium?

A

Quick changes followed by long periods of stability.

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18
Q

What is gradual equilibrium?

A

Slow changes in organisms.

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19
Q

What is stabilizing selection?

A

When two ends of the bell curve come closer together.

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20
Q

What is disruptive selection?

A

When the middle of the bell curve is eliminated.

21
Q

What is directional selection?

A

When the bell curve moves to one side.

22
Q

Physical separation of a population of organisms followed by selection of different characteristics in each population can result in _____.

A

Speciation

23
Q

The early developing stage of an animal is called a _____.

A

Embryo

24
Q

The wings of a butterfly, bird, and flying fish are examples of what?

A

Analogous structures.

25
Q

The idea that evolution proceeds in rapid steps followed by long periods of stability is called _____.

A

Punctuated equilibrium.

26
Q

How was the atmosphere of the earth changed by autotrophes?

A

Oxygen was increased.

27
Q

Autotrophs use what energy source to produce food?

A

Sunlight

28
Q

What bone would be particularly useful to determine whether an animal was bipedal?

A

Pelvis or hip.

29
Q

What gas is present in today’s atmosphere that was absent in Earth’s original atmosphere?

A

Oxygen

30
Q

What is cryptic coloration.

A

Camouflage.

31
Q

What is mimicry?

A

One organism copies the looks of a dangerous species. Both are adapted.

32
Q

The orange and black stripes of a tiger is an example of what?

A

Cryptic coloration.

33
Q

T/F - Natural selection determines which genes spread throughout a population.

A

True

34
Q

T/F - Ultraviolet radiation in the early atmosphere is thought to have been important in causing reactions between simple molecules in the formation of the organic molecules

A

False

35
Q

T/F - Two species may share a common gene pool.

A

False

36
Q

T/F - Two similar species of fish living in the same stream are reproductively isolated.

A

True

37
Q

T/F - Study of similarity in protein structure among organisms is called comparative anatomy.

A

False

38
Q

T/F - Mimicry, warning coloration, and cryptic coloration are all adaptations which increase the chance of survival and reproduction of organisms that posses there capabilities.

A

True

39
Q

T/F - A trait is an adaptation only if it improves the chances of reproduction and survival.

A

True

40
Q

T/F - Homologous structures must have similar function.

A

False

41
Q

T/F - All variations become adaptations.

A

False

42
Q

T/F - Reproductive isolation prevents interbreeding between members of the same species.

A

True

43
Q

T/F - A characteristic that can be used to determine primate ancestral life styles and food preferences is the types of teeth present in upper and lower jaws.

A

True

44
Q

T/F - A species is a group of organisms, which normally interbreed in nature to produce fertile offspring.

A

True

45
Q

T/F - The chemical process of aerobic respiration evolved prior to the chemical process of photosynthesis.

A

False

46
Q

T/F - According to the theory of natural selection, individuals having variations that give them an advantage in obtaining limited resources will likely survive and reproduce.

A

True

47
Q

T/F - The development of a new species is called species radiation.

A

False

48
Q

T/F - The coccyx is a vestigial organ.

A

True

49
Q
A

Biology Unit 8 - Evolution (2 decks)

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