Evolution, Speciation, Phylogenetics Flashcards
Which describes Reduced Hybrid Viability?
Which describes Hybrid Breakdown?
Which describes Reduced Hybrid Fertility?
a) F1 Hybrid is Fertile but produced F2 offspring fragile and sterile
b) Hybrid born but is Sterile
c) Embryo Hybrid dies early in Development
a= Hybrid Breakdown
b= Reduced Hybrid Fertility
c= Reduced Hybrid Viability
Courtship Rituals are a Mechanism of what?
a) Behavioral Reproductive isolation
b) Reduce Mating with Females
c) Postzygotic Reproductive isolation
a
Which best describes Habitat Reproductive Isolation?
a) Geographical overlapping with different breeding times
b) No geographical overlapping and breeding in different areas
c) Geographical overlapping but breeding in different areas
c
a= Temporal Isolation
Which of the following mechanisms is needed for Sympatric Speciation?
a) Chance Event
b) Polyploidy
c) Sexual Selection
d) Migration
e) Habitat Differentiation
b+c+e
Polyploidy & Habitat Differentiation leads to what Speciation & how?
a) Allopatric - Leads to Gene Drift
b) Sympatric - Lead to Reproductive Isolation within the same population
b
What constitutes the Biological Species Concept?
a) Population members can interbreed
b) Traits of the members of the population
c) Common Gene pool
d) Gene flow between populations of the same species
a+c+d
What Species Concept can be applied to BOTH sexual & asexual species?
a) Ecological Species Concept
b) Morphological Species Concept
c) Biological Species Concept
b + a
Which of the following best describes an Ingroup?
a) The taxons from a CA
b) The taxons being studied
c) The opposite of the basal taxon
b
Which of the following best describes Extant species?
a) Species extinct on a phylogenetic tree
b) Species most distant from a branch point
c) Species currently living at the tip of a phylogenetic tree
c
Describe Descent with Modification
(Darwin’s Evolution Logic)
Basically natural selection
Populations change when:
Beneficial Trains (increase) + Detrimental Traits (Decrease)
List the 4 Observations Darwin made that led to his theory of Natural Evolution
Overproduction
Heritable Variation
Unequal Survival & Reproduction
Non-random survival & Reproduction
Which best describes Overproduction?
1) In a Gen. Less offspring will die than More will be born
2) Individuals in a species mate a lot
3) Abundant amount of offspring will die
1
Which describes the Evolution Ideas of Hutton & Lylell?
1) Uniformitarianism- Deep time, earth really old
2) Species = Static
3) Gradualism- geological processes happening now have always happened and produce small changes
1 + 3
List the 4 different Mechanisms for Gene Variations.
Mutations
Different Chromosome Structure
Rate of Reproduction
Chromosome Recombination
Describe Stabilizing Selection.
1) Common phenotype becomes less frequent
2) Selection shifts to the polar opposite phenotype
3) Average Phenotype is selected for
3
