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Biology Test > Evolution Review > Flashcards

Evolution Review Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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2
Q

Fitness

A

Measure of ability to survive and reproduce more

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3
Q

Convergent evolution

A

The independent evolution of similar features in species or different periods in time

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4
Q

Divergent evolution

A

A common ancestor

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5
Q

Coevolution

A

The influence of closely associated species on each other in their evolution

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6
Q

Bottleneck Effect

A

A lowering in a population’s gene pool because of an environmental, or human caused change

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7
Q

Founder Effect

A

The reduction of a genotypic variety because a small group removed itself from a larger group

Christopher Columbus

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8
Q

Gene pool

A

All possible alleles in a population

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9
Q

Biochemical evidence

A

Anatomy, molecular biology, biogeography, fossils, and amino acids

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10
Q

Speciation

A

The formation of a new species

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11
Q

Genetic Drift

A

The change in genetic variety in a small population randomly

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12
Q

Directional Selection

A

A shift

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13
Q

Stabilizing selection

A

Skinnier

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14
Q

Disruptive Selection

A

Large fluctuation in genotype frequency
Leads to speciation

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15
Q

Heterozygote advantage

A

When heterozygotes have a higher relative fitness

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16
Q

Pre-zygotic barriers

A

Behavioral, Temporal, Habitat, Mechanical

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17
Q

Post-zygotic barriers

A

Inability to reproduce, weak species, and genetic incompatibility

18
Q

Homologous structures

A

Physical features that look the same but serve an entirely different purpose

19
Q

Analogous structures

A

Features that are similar in purpose but not appearance

20
Q

Vestigial structures

A

Structures that are remnants of something previously useful to a species

21
Q

Geographic isolation

A

A geographic barrier that separates the species

22
Q

Temporal Isolation

A

Different mating times

23
Q

Habitat Isolation

A

Differing habitats

24
Q

Behavioral isolation

A

Differing behaviors

25
Q

p^2

A

dominant genotype frequency

26
Q

p

A

dominant allele frequency

27
Q

q^2

A

recessive genotype frquency

28
Q

q

A

recessive allele frequency

29
Q

2 pq

A

heterozygous genotype frequency

30
Q

Variation

A

Differences in species

  1. Mutations 2. Gene flow 3. Meiosis - Crossing over/independent assortment 4. Random fertilization
31
Q

Charles Linnaeus

A

Taxonomy- grouping organisms together by traits
Binomial nomenclature- two terms to name a species

32
Q

George Cuvier

A

Paleontology- study of fossils

33
Q

Hutton (James)

A

Gradualism- change occurs slowly over time

34
Q

Charles Lyell

A

Uniformitarism- If it happens now, it happened in the past

35
Q

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

A

“First truly cohesive theory of biology”
Use/disuse- animals acquire traits after using physical characteristics constantly
Acquired inheritance- organism could acquire and pass traits to their kids

36
Q

Thomas Malthus

A

Principle of population- the population will be kept in check by famine, starvation, and disease

37
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Natural Selection
Fitness
The Origins of Species

38
Q

4 Tenements of Natural Selection

A
  1. Overpopulation- more will be born than survive
  2. Variations- people in a group are different from one another
  3. Adaptions - some variations result in better chances of living
  4. Descent/modification- offspring with better genes will make up a majority of the population
39
Q

Who adapts and evolves?

A

Individuals do not adapt or evolve, populations do.

40
Q

Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium

A

When no evolution is taking place in a population

Mathematical way to determine the frequency of alleles in a population

Biology Test (5 decks)

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