Evolution of the symphony

Question 1

Early Classical

Answer 1

1750-1800
20-30 instrumentalists
Occasional use of basso continuo
Balanced phrases
Diatonic harmonies
No conductor, 1st violin usually leads
Woodwind fill out harmonies
Brass instruments emphasise tonic and dominant
Timpani are the only percussion, added at key points

Question 2

Late Classical

Answer 2

1800-1820
30-50 instrumentalists
Decline of patronage meant composers were more independent
A conductor added to co-ordinate
Additional instruments in brass and woodwind, piccolo, double bassoon, and trombones
Larger percussion section with the addition of cymbals, triangle and bass drum
Larger string section to balance other instruments
Chromatic harmonies
Consideration of sonority
Brass more developed, more able to carry the tune