Evolution Of The Chuch Of England Flashcards
What were the key arguments of Arminus during the 1620s and 1630s?
- challenged Calvinist belief of predestination
- God gave man free will to choose or reject the gift of salvation
- similar to Catholic Church
- Catholic Church is misguided but not evil
What did arminus believe regarding the clergy and laity?
Clergy should wear robes and laity be denied access to certain areas
Who published an attack on Calvinist doctrine?
1624 Richard Montague published ‘A new gag for an old goose’ he was given personal protection by Charles I
Why did Charles I like Arminian ideas?
Arminiansm respected hierarchy/royal authority so aligned with his beliefs about divine right
Who did Charles promote to bishop of London and then Archbishop of Canterbury and when?
William laud — bishop of London in 1628
Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633
What reforms were introduced under Laud and Charles?
- organs installed
- fonts decorated
- colour and statues retuned to the churches
- communion table moved to east side of the church - similar to Roman Catholic altar
What happened to Puritans who opposed Arminian reforms?
Summoned before church courts/star chamber and if they still refused to conform they were deprived of their livings
How did the long Parliament attack Arminianism?
Laud was arrested in November 1640 and impeached February 1641 and executed in January 1645
Long parliament also called for the abolition of prerogative courts and star chamber
What was the root and branch petition?
Attempt to remove bishops/episopacy who were pcieved as the root of call problems of the Church
Signed by 15,000 Londoners
What happened to the root and branch petition?
It failed but Charles was forced to remove bishops from privy council and exclude them from the House of Lords
Why was the signing of the covenant with the Scot’s in 1643 important?
The Solemn League and Covenant was an agreement that in return for Scottish forces entering the war against Charles,
the Scottish Kirk would be protected and there would moves to set up a Presbyterian Church
n England. There was limited support so Pym set up an assembly of clergy to draw up a model to be established rather than implementing Scottish version
What attempts were there to set up a Presbyterian Church?
Assembly met in 1644 and 1645 and parliament voted to form a Presbyterian Church
What confirmed the removal of bishops?
In 1646 a resolution passed confirming the removal of bishops
What was the apologetical narration?
An appeal to establish independent churches outside the confessional state
How did the new model army prevent the Presbyterian church?
It was a breeding ground for radical ideas, eg; leveller elements of the army called for religious freedoms
Movement of NMA around the country - spread of ideas/less likely to conform to Presbyterian Church
How did the Rump restrict radical ideas?
1650 Blasphemy Act radical religious sects were restricted by having their leaders imprisoned, though this was inconsistently enforced, caused by conservative backlash from Charles’ execution
How did the Rump attempt to provide religious freedoms?
1650 Toleration Act (removed the equirement for people to attend church as long as they took part ir a religlous service each week,
What were the Commissions of Triers and Ejectors?
Established in 1654 to control the Church - Role was to ensure that the ministers that served were competent, well-educated and capable
What happened to the Calvinist sects?
They were able to meet and worship outside the Church and were largely left alone, unless they were seer as posing a danger to the regime. Cromwell believed people were entitled to find their own way to God as long as they did not cause harm to others
How did Cromwell intervene in the case of James Nayler in 1656?
A quaker preacher who rode a donkey into Bristol on Palm Sunday to reenact Jesus entry to Jerusalem - people saw it as blasphemous and called for his execution, but Cromwell intervened and stopped it however he was bored through the tongue and publicly whipped
What was the Worcester House declaration?
Re-established the Church of England and restored the bishops, leaving details to be worked out by the Savoy
Conference in 1661
Why were there hopes for a flexible national church?
Why were these hopes dashed?
MPs and ministers hope their differences could be resolved to create a broad and flexible national church – this was
also supported by the King
Fifth Monarchist uprising by Thomas Venner renewed fears of religious radicals. This led to the elections of a conservative parliament named cavaliers who wanted revenge
Who was Gilbert Sheldon?
An Arminian Bishop of London and then Archbishop of Canterbury from 1663
What did the 1662 Act of Uniformity enforce?
Clergy not ordained by a bishop had to be re-ordained, they had to renounce
the Presbyterian Covenant, accepted every element of the Prayer Book
