Evolution of the Animal Kingdom

Question 1

Defining features of protostomes (5)

Answer 1

Spiral cleavage
determinate cleavage
mouth develops from blastopore
mesoderm differentiates near blastopore
schizocoelom

Question 2

Defining features of deuterostomes (5)

Answer 2

radial cleavage
indeterminate cleavage
mouth develops from secondary opening
mesoderm originates from outpocketings of archenteron
entercoelom

Question 3

5 characteristics of an animal

Answer 3

multicellular eukaryote that lacks cell wall
heterotroph
motile at some point
reproduces sexually or asexually
nerves and muscles

Question 4

multicellular eukaryotes formed during ______________ from ______________

Answer 4

precambrian era
flagellated protist

Question 5

multicellular eukaryotes similar to

Answer 5

choaflagellates

Question 6

4 features of body plan

Answer 6

embryonic development pattern
germ cell layers
body symmetry
body cavity type

Question 7

asexual reproduction in hydra, echinoderms, and insects/reptiles

Answer 7

hydra: budding
echinoderms: fragmentation
insects/reptiles: parthenogenesis

Question 8

zygote develops into compact mass of cells (__________) then derived into hollow single layer of cells (___________)

Answer 8

morula
blastula

Question 9

gastrulation begins at __________________

Answer 9

vegetal pole

Question 10

3 germ layers (out to in)

Answer 10

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

Question 11

diploblastic animals (ex) and germ layers

Answer 11

jellyfish, corals, anemones
ectoderm and endoderm

Question 12

triploblastic animals (ex) and germ layers

Answer 12

flatworms, chordates (humans)
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 13

what do the 3 germ layers develop into

Answer 13

ectoderm - skin and nervous
mesoderm - muscle and skeleton
endoderm - digestive tract

Question 14

Gastrulation only happens in _____________

Answer 14

triploblastic

Question 15

gastrulation divides ____________ and ______________

Answer 15

protostomes and deuterostomes

Question 16

clades

Answer 16

monophylectic groups sharing common ancestor

Question 17

radial symmetry (what is it found in, specific)

Answer 17

divided along longitudinal axis (pie)
diploblastic animals
cnidarians and ctenophores

Question 18

bilateral symmetry (what is it found in), key feature

Answer 18

divided along spine
triploblastic animals
specialized head (cephalization)

Question 19

segmentation is found in (3)

Answer 19

annelids, arthropods, chordates

Question 20

body cavity options (3) explain

Answer 20

acoelomate- no body cavity, flat worms
Pseudocoelomate- false body cavity, fluid filled organ space, round worms
Eucoelomate- body cavity, most animals