Evolution of Species Flashcards

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1
Q

What is genetic variation caused by?

A

Slightly different versions of the same genes between members of the same species

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2
Q

How does variation occur?

A

Mutations

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3
Q

What are mutations?

A

Spontaneous, random changes to the genetic material of an organism

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4
Q

What is the only way that alleles can be added into a population?

A

Through mutations

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5
Q

What is an allele?

A

A form of a gene

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6
Q

What environmental factors can increase the rate of mutations?

A

Radiation (Gamma Rays, UV Rays) and Chemicals (Nicotine, Bromine)

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7
Q

What is adaptation?

A

An inherited characteristic that makes an organism well suited to surviving in its environment/niche

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8
Q

Why are adaptations needed?

A

To help organisms survive changing environments

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9
Q

What is natural selection?

A

When organisms of a species produce more offspring than are going to survive because there are not enough resources for them

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10
Q

When do selection pressures occur?

A

When there aren’t enough resources to allow all members of a species to survive

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11
Q

What is speciation?

A

When two or more species are formed from one original species

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12
Q

What are the four stages of speciation (in order)?

A

1) Isolation
2) Mutation
3) Natural Selection
4) New Species

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13
Q

What is isolation?

A

When one population of a species is separated by an isolation barrier

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14
Q

What can the isolation barriers be?

A

Geographical (mountains, rivers)
Ecological (pH, salinity)
Behavioral (different breeding seasons)

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15
Q

What is a species?

A

An organism that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

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