Evolution of Reptiles, Dinosaurs

Question 1

What is the primary method of gas exchange in living reptiles?

Answer 1

Through lungs

Question 2

What type of scales do reptiles have that help limit water loss?

Answer 2

Keratinous scales

Question 3

What term describes reptiles that regulate their body temperature behaviorally?

Answer 3

Ectothermic

Question 4

What type of egg do reptiles produce that allows for internal fertilisation?

Answer 4

Cleidoic egg

Question 5

What is the primary nitrogenous waste eliminated by reptiles?

Answer 5

Uric acid

Question 6

What is the dominant sensory system in reptiles?

Answer 6

Vision

Question 7

Name the class of reptiles that includes frogs and toads.

Answer 7

Lissampibians

Question 8

What is the scientific name for the class that includes turtles and tortoises?

Answer 8

Testudines

Question 9

How many species of crocodilians exist?

Answer 9

21 species in 3 families

Question 10

What kind of predators are reptiles predominantly classified as?

Answer 10

Ambush predators

Question 11

What is the average lifespan trait of reptiles?

Answer 11

Great longevity of life

Question 12

What unique reproductive characteristic is found in some testudines and crocodiles?

Answer 12

Temperature-dependent sex determination

Question 13

How many species of tuatara exist?

Answer 13

2 species

Question 14

What type of respiration do some turtle species exhibit?

Answer 14

Aquatic respiration

Question 15

What is the primary diet of snakes?

Answer 15

Carnivorous

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The amniotic egg contains 4 specialized extra embryonic membranes: Amnion, Allantois, Chorion, and _______.

Answer 16

Yolk sac

Question 17

What are the three lineages of reptiles?

Answer 17

Anapsids, diapsids, synapsids

Question 18

Which lineage of dinosaurs includes herbivores such as Stegosaurus and Triceratops?

Answer 18

Ornithischian

Question 19

What is the key difference between the Saurischian and Ornithischian dinosaurs?

Answer 19

Saurischian includes both herbivores and carnivores, while Ornithischian includes only herbivores

Question 20

True or False: Birds are directly related to Ornithischian dinosaurs.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

What evidence suggests that some dinosaurs may have been warm-blooded?

Answer 21

Fibromellar tissue in dinosaur bones indicates fast growth

Question 22

What major event is associated with the K-T extinction?

Answer 22

Comet impact

Question 23

What geological feature is linked to volcanic activity during the K-T extinction?

Answer 23

Deccan traps

Question 24

What type of metabolism is indicated by low metabolic rates and growth rings in bones?

Answer 24

Ectothermic metabolism

Question 25

What is the approximate time period when reptiles began to diversify?

Answer 25

250-220 million years ago (Permian-Triassic)

Question 26

What is the significance of skull fenestration in amniote lineage divergence?

Answer 26

It is associated with jaw musculature development

Question 27

What are the two groups of extinct marine reptiles mentioned in the text?

Answer 27

Plesiosaurs, Ichthyosaurs

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The closest living relative to birds is _______.

Answer 28

Crocodiles

Question 29

What is the main characteristic of lepidosaurs?

Answer 29

Scaly reptiles

Question 30

How do legless reptiles such as amphisbaenians and snakes demonstrate convergent evolution?

Answer 30

They have independently evolved leglessness