Evolution of Populations

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

a genetic change in characteristics of a population through time

Question 2

Gene pool

Answer 2

all the genes in a population

Question 3

Microevolution

Answer 3

change within a species

Question 4

Macroevolution

Answer 4

formation of a new species

Question 5

Population

Answer 5

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same place at the same time

Question 6

Genetic Equilibrium

Answer 6

A population that is not evolving

Question 7

Hardy-Weinberg principle

Answer 7

describes a population at genetic equilibrium

• large population
• isolated
• no mutation
• random mating
• no natural selective pressures

Question 8

p in Hardy

Answer 8

dominant allele

Question 9

q in Hardy

Answer 9

recessive allele

Question 10

Lethal mutations

Answer 10

They dissappear

Question 11

Neutral mutations

Answer 11

Don’t lead to anything

Question 12

Beneficial mutations

Answer 12

leads to survival and reproduction

Question 13

Natural Selection

Answer 13

A process by which nature selects characteristics of a population best suited to the environment

Question 14

Directional selection

Answer 14

Changes a species to one extreme

Question 15

Stabilizing selection

Answer 15

takes the extremes, and keeps the “normal”

Question 16

Disruptive selection

Answer 16

gets rid of the normal, keeping the extremes

Question 17

genetic drift

Answer 17

process in which chance events lead to random fluctuations in allele frequencies.

Question 18

Bottleneck effect

Answer 18

severe reduction in a population due to a natural disaster or instense selective pressure

Question 19

Founder’s effect

Answer 19

occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population