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Perspectives in Pharmacy > Evolution of Pharmacy > Flashcards

Evolution of Pharmacy Flashcards

1
Q

Before the Dawn of History - Belief

A
  • Sickness caused by evil forces
  • Punishment from the gods
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1
Q

Before the Dawn of History - Remedies

A
  • Offer sacrifices like food and prayers
  • Use of natural resources like plants, mud, animals and minerals.
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2
Q

Earliest known record of practice
of the art of the apothecary

A

Ancient Babylon

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3
Q

Practitioners in Ancient Babylon

A

priest, pharmacist and physician, all in one

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4
Q

record of the symptoms of illness, the prescription and directions for compounding, then an invocation to the gods

A

Clay tablets of Mesopotamia (800 tablets)

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5
Q

Father of Chinese Pharmaceutics

A

Shen Nung

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6
Q

Book Shen Nung wrote

A

Pen T’sao (The Botanical Basis of Pharmacy)

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7
Q

A Taoist & natural philosopher

A

Lao Tzu

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8
Q

Book by Lao Tzu

A

The Way

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9
Q

Lao Tzu’s Concept

A

Qi (energy) – balanced of Yin & Yang

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10
Q

Oldest, best known and most important pharmaceutical record

A

Papyrus Ebers

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11
Q

Papyrus Ebers

A

21 yards (60 ft) long, contains 800 Rx mentioning 700 drugs

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12
Q

creation of medicines by God

A

Book of Sirach

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13
Q

myrrh as astringent, carminative and protectant

A

Genesis

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14
Q

olibanum (frankinscence)

A

Exodus

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15
Q

One day each year clay was dug from a pit on a Lemnos hillside in the presence of governmental and religious dignitaries

A

Terra Sigillata (Sealed Earth)

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16
Q

Father of Medicine

A

Hippocrates

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17
Q

Father of Botany

A

Theophrastus

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18
Q

Father of Toxicology

A

Mithridates VI

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19
Q

Father of Pharmacology

A

De Materia Medica

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19
Q

Mithridates’ famed formula of alleged pan-antidotal powers

A

Mithridatum

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20
Q

First Pharmacist/Botanist

A

Claudius Galen

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21
Q

Class of pharmaceuticals compounded by mechanical means

A

Galenicals

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22
Q

The Apothecary

A

Damian

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23
Q

The physician

A

Cosmas

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24
Q

patron saints of
Pharmacy and Medicine

A

Damian and Cosmas

25
Q

Separated the arts of
apothecary and physician

A

The Arabs

26
Q

Issued by Frederick II,
head of the Holy Roman
Empire

A

Magna Carta of 1240

27
Q

The First Official Pharmacopoeia where

A

Florence, Italy

28
Q

The First Official Pharmacopoeia name

A

Nuovo Receptario

29
Q

digitalis, digoxin

A

William Withering

30
Q

Karl Scheele

A

arsenic, chlorine, glycerin, organic acids

31
Q

Edward Jenner

A

eradication of small pox

32
Q

Bernard Courtois

A

– iodine in algae, bromine (sea water)

33
Q

Henri Moissan

A

flourine by electrolytic methods

33
Q

Joseph Caventou & Pierre Pelletier

A

quinine, caffeine

33
Q

Pierre Robiquet

A

codeine

34
Q

Frederick Serturner

A

morphine

35
Q

Johannes Buchner

A

salicin from willow bark, nicotine from tobacco; aspirin and nicotinic acid production

36
Q

Rudolf Brandes & Philipp Geiger–

A

hyoscyamine and atropine

37
Q

Paul Ehrlich

A

Arsphenamine – syphilis

38
Q

Frederick Banting & Charles Best

A

insulin

39
Q

Gerhardt Domagk

A

Prontosil (Sulfa drug), for hemolytic
streptococci

39
Q

Alexander Fleming

A

penicillin

40
Q

Selman Waksman

A

streptomycin & neomycin

41
Q

Jonas Salk

A

injectable vaccine for polio

42
Q

Albert Sabin

A

oral vaccine for polio

43
Q

The Shakers-

A

A religious sect who cultivated herbs and supplied medicinal herbs around the world

44
Q

William Procter Jr.

A

Father of American Pharmacy

45
Q

Jonathan Roberts

A

first hospital pharmacist

46
Q

John Morgan

A

advocated for prescription writing

47
Q

Andrew Craigie

A

America’s first Apothecary General;
developed wholesaling and manufacturing business of
drugs.

48
Q

Stanislas Limousin

A

introduced the use of medicine
dropper; developed the apparatus for the administration
of oxygen; invented glass ampules.

49
Q

Ernest Francois Auguste Forneau

A

developed
chemotherapy

50
Q

USP

A

was approved as book of standards in 1820

51
Q

Relied on using plants (herbs), rituals or chants, and
traditional methods of healing such as ”hilot” or
massage

A

Albularyo / Arbularyo / Herbolaryo

52
Q

unqualified persons, allowed only to dispense simple medicines but not to compound Rx.

A

Botiquines

53
Q

trained by foreign RPh , passed an examination conducted by the government and further issued a license.

A

Farmaceutico de segunda clase

54
Q

Fr. Blas de la Madre de Dios

A

first to make a written record of his findings on plants

54
Q

Father of Philippine Pharmacy

A

Don Leon Ma. Guerrero

55
Q

Fr. Fernando Sta. Maria, OP

A

devoted his time studying medicinal plants for the sick

56
Q

Fr. Manual Blanco, OSA

A

authored Flora de Filipinas, a listing of some local medicinal plants

57
Q

Botica Boie

A

First drugstore in the Philippines (1830)

Perspectives in Pharmacy (2 decks)

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