Evolution Of Management Thoughts Flashcards
What are the major developments in the history of management thought?
Pre-Classical School, Classical School, Neo-Classical School, Contemporary School
What context led to capitalism and the industrial revolution?
Renaissance, Protestant Work Ethic, Capitalism
What does the Scientific Management Theory emphasize?
Scientifically determined changes in management practices to improve labour productivity
List the assumptions of Scientific Management.
- Economic man
- One best method of work
- Workers can do any work prescribed by the scientific method
What are Taylor’s principles of Scientific Management?
- Develop a science for each element of work
- Scientifically select and train workers
- Cooperate to ensure work is done according to principles
- Division of work between management and workers
- Tie performance to economic rewards
What is the focus of Administrative Management?
Improvement of the total organisation rather than the individual worker
What are the three aspects of Management according to Henry Fayol?
- Activities of an Organisation
- Functions of Management
- Principles of Management
What does Bureaucratic Management Theory emphasize?
Management on an impersonal, rational basis with defined authority, formal record keeping, and separation of management and ownership
What are the characteristics of Weberian Bureaucracy?
Who are key contributors to the Behavioural Approach?
- Mary Parker Follet
- Chester Bernard
- Elton Mayo
- Abraham Maslow
- Douglas McGregor
What does the Human Relations Approach stress?
Satisfaction of employees’ basic needs as key to increased productivity
What was the Hawthorne Experiment?
An experiment to increase productivity that highlighted the social context of the workplace
Define the Hawthorne Effect.
A marked increase in production related to special social position and social treatment
What does the Human Resources Perspective suggest?
Jobs should be designed to meet higher-level needs of workers
What are the key theories associated with the Human Resources Perspective?
- Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory
- McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
What is the focus of the Quantitative Management Perspective?
Application of quantitative techniques to management activities
What does the Systems Approach view organizations as?
A set of interrelated and interdependent parts producing a unified whole
What is the definition of an open system in the Systems Approach?
An organization influenced by and interacting with its environment
What is the focus of the Contingency Approach?
Recognition that organizations face different situations requiring different management strategies
What are key components of the Japanese Approach to management?
- Japanese long-term philosophy
- Japanese production management (JPM)
- People-centered management
- Problem-solving methods
