Evolution, Natural Selection, Genetics Flashcards
DNA
Is a long thing molecule made up of nucleotides
Chromosomes
Tiny structures inside cells made from DNA and protein. Chromosomes describe what colour eyes, boy or girl and how tall you are
Genes
A unit of DNA that’s located on a chromosome and that controls the development of one or more traits and is the basic unit
Genetics
Features pass from parents to their offspring. The young resemble their parents
Heribilaty
Is the proportion of this total variation between individuals in a given population due to genetic variation
Sexual reproduction
A mode of reproduction involving the fusion of female gamete (ovum) and male gamete (spermatozoon), which forms a zygote that potentially develops into an offspring genetically distinct from the parent organisms.
Asexual reproduction
Offspring arise from a single organism and inherit the genes of that parent only
Zygote
Cell that is formed when a female reproductive cell and a male reproductive cell join
Dominant
Something that they only do some times (just in pre-arranged scenes-often, but not always involving sex)
Recessive
Characteristics controlled by genes which are expressed in offspring only she inherited from both parents
Multicellular
(part of an organism) having or consisting of many cells
Unicellular
Having or consisting of a single cell
Clone
An organism or cell produced asexually fro, one ancestor or stoc, to which they’re genetically identical
Fertilization
Process in sexual reproduction that involved the union of male (sperm) and female (ovum) gametes to produce a diploid zygote
Runners
Stems which grow at the soil surface or just below ground that form adventitious roots at the nodes, and new plants from the buds
Variation
Organisms of any species caused either by genetic difference or by the effect of environmental factors on the expressions of the genetic potentials
Seeds
Am encapsulated plant embryo, a fertilised ovule of a plant
Foetus
The developing young post-embryonic stage up to the moment of birth
Mutation
Occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to aller genetic message carried by that gene
Homozygous
When a cell has two identical copies of a gene. An example would be when a cell containing blue eyes genes from both parents
Heterozygous
It refers to a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive - they’re different
Allele
Specific pattern in a gene is called an allele. For example, the gene would determine the hair colour. The specific pattern of the hair colour gene that causes the hair to be black would be the allele
Carrier
Is a person or other organism that has inherited a recessive allele for a genetic trait or mutation but doesn’t display that trait or show symptoms of the disease
Competition
An interaction between organisms or species in which both of the organisms or species are harmed
Interdependence
Mutual dependence between things. There is a great deal of interdependence between plants and animals
Ecology
Is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment
Ecosystem
Is made up of plants, animals, soil, rocks, minerals, water sources and the local system interacting with one another
Habitat
Place where an organism or a biological population normally lives or occurs
Predator
Organism that hunts and kills other organisms
Prey
Interaction where a predator feeds on their prey
Energy flow
Flow of energy through a biological food chain
Food chain
A series of organisms each dependant on the next as a source of food
Food web
A system of interlocking and interdependent food chains
Herbivore
An animal that feeds on plants
Carnivore
Animal that feeds on other plants
Omnivore
An animal or person that eats a variety of food of both plants and animal origin
Consumer
Organism that generally obtains food by feeding on other organisms or organic matter due to lack of the ability to manufacture own food from inorganic sources. E.G bears
Producer
An autotrophic organism capable of producing complex organic compounds from simple inorganic molecules through the process of photosynthesis. E.G-trees
Population
A group of organisms of the same species living in the same habitat E.G-a population of frogs might live along a stretch of river
Biome
An ecosystem that extends over a very large area
Symbiosis
Is a relationship between organisms of the different species where at least one benefits
Niche
Is the role of an organism within a habitat
Distribution
Records areas within a habitat where a species is found
Abundance
Refers to the size of a population of a species
Frequency
Is the percentage chance of a species being present in a randomly chosen standard quadrant
Quantitative survey
Collects numerical data about the species in the habitat
