evolution lecture 8

Question 1

what are the three major lineages of life

Answer 1

bacteria
archaea
eukaryotes

Question 2

importance of prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea)

Answer 2

• on earth for more than 3 billion years
• responsible for most biological activity in many ecosystems
• more prokaryote cells than eukaryotes in human body

Question 3

bacteria

Answer 3

most diverse domain
most of the well known prokaryotes
includes all-known disease causing prokaryotes

Question 4

bacteria cell surface

Answer 4

• usually two bounding membranes (plasma and outer)

- peptodoglyican layer between (sugars and amino acids)

Question 5

important types of bacteria

Answer 5

spirochetes
gram-positive
cyanobacteria (photoautotrophes)

Question 6

achaea

Answer 6

many are extremophiles
- thermophiles
- halophiles
many are methanogens (methane producing from energy metabolism)

Question 7

archaea cell membrane

Answer 7

• no outer membrane
• no peptidoglycan
• membrane lipids chemically different from both eukryotes and bacteria

Question 8

similarities between archaea and eukaryotes

Answer 8

RNA polymerase
core histones
- archaea and bacteria are relatives

Question 9

mitochondia and plastids features that are similar to prokaryotes

Answer 9

divide by binary fission
have (prokaaryoti-like) ribosomes
have their own genomes

Question 10

protists

Answer 10

• the first eurkaryotes were single cells

- all eukaryotes except animals, plants and fungi are protists

Question 11

plants evolved from____

Answer 11

freen algal protists

Question 12

origin of fungi

Answer 12

fungi treated as plants

Question 13

fungi are related to _____

Answer 13

animals