Evolution -LEC2

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

=change through time

-process, not theory

Question 2

Natural selection

Answer 2

=descent with modification,

proposed mechanism ; this is a theory

Question 3

Biodiversity

Answer 3

-consequence of evolution

Question 4

Essentialism (competing hypotheses)

Answer 4

• Plato, Aristotle to 1800 western culture

- fixed essence

Question 5

Organic progression (competing hypotheses)

Answer 5

• Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)
• “great chain of being”
• simple to complex

Question 6

Descent with modification

Answer 6

-C.Darwin 1809-1882
A.Wallace 1823-1913 
-single origin of life
-common ancestry
-natural selection
species formed through splitting

Question 7

Darwin’s Voyage

Answer 7

The origin of species

Question 8

Darwin’s two Qs

Answer 8

1. What can account for the diversity and unity of life? descent with modification (pattern)
2. What natural processes can cause evolutionary modification and adaptation?
   - natural selection

Question 9

Darwin’s first deduction:

Answer 9

• resources are finite

- more organisms are born than will survive to reproduce because they cannot be sustained by the environment

Question 10

Darwin’s second deduction:

Answer 10

• organisms are inherently variable

- environment filters out - survival of the fittest

Question 11

Comparative Biology : Homology

Answer 11

-possession by two or more species of a trait derived from their common ancestor

Question 12

Biogeography

Answer 12

-many similar species found clustered within the same archipelagom

Question 13

Fossil evidence

Answer 13

-fossils organised in specific sequence in rock strata

Question 14

Artificial selection

Answer 14

• selection for specific traits
• crops
• dogs (>30,000 years of selection?)