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Biology Final > Evolution/Final Slides > Flashcards

Evolution/Final Slides Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Microevolution

A

The evolution of a species or populations

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2
Q

Macroevolution

A

The evolution of a whole taxonomy group or speciation

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3
Q

Speciation

A

Origin of new species

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4
Q

Reproductive Barries occur when

A

Biological factors prevent breeding

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5
Q

Habitat Isolation

A

Species rarely see each other

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6
Q

Temporal Isolation

A

Species mate at different times

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7
Q

Behavioral Isolation

A

Species have different courtships

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8
Q

Mechanical Isolation

A

Species do not mate the same way

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9
Q

Gametic Isolation

A

One species sperm will not fertilize another species egg

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10
Q

Extinction

A

The failure of a species to adapt to environmental changes

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11
Q

Artificial Selection

A

Human imposed selection ex-breeding dogs

Operates the same as natural selection
Allows for faster evolutionary changes

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12
Q

Directly Observing Evolutionary Change

A

Evolution can happen faster so observations are easier

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13
Q

Fossil Record

A

Provides evidence for
- ancient life
- extinction
- origin of new species
- changes of species
ex- dinos to birds

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14
Q

Homology

A

Similarities from common ancestor

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15
Q

Molecular Homology

A

Genes passed down

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16
Q

Anatomical Homology

A

Features passed down from ancestor

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17
Q

Vestigial Structures

A

Features that ancestors needed that are not useful to current species

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18
Q

A Theory

A

is an explanation of the natural world backed up by evidence

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19
Q

A Hypothesis

A

is a testable statement

20
Q

Darwin defined evolution as

A

Descent with modification

21
Q

Species

A

gradually change over time

22
Q

descent with modification

A

explains life unity and diversity

The gradual change from ancestral type

23
Q

Natural selection

A

the most adapted species has a better chance of survival and reproduction that a less adapted phenotype has

24
Q

adaptation

A

Changing to up the chance of survival and reproduction

25
Q

most likely to survive=

A

more fitness

26
Q

evolution is the change in

A

alleles

27
Q

directional selection

A

1 phenotype is fittest and the environment choses the least fit

28
Q

stabilizing selection

A

the middle is fittest and the extreme is less fit

29
Q

Disruptive selection

A

The fittest is the extreme the less fit in the middle

30
Q

sexual selection

A

the environment favors species that have a better chance of reproduction

31
Q

Gene flow

A

The movement of alleles through a population

32
Q

Non-random Mating

A

Mating is never not random

33
Q

Genetic drift

A

Alleles change by chance

34
Q

Founder effect

A

A small population becomes secluted

35
Q

Founder effect

A

A small population becomes secluded

36
Q

Traits from one gene

A

Incomplete, codominance, and pleiotropy

37
Q

INCOMPLETE

A

intermediate between phenotype and two homozygotes

38
Q

Codominance

A

2 equal alleles effect the phenotype different and seperately

39
Q

Pleiotropy

A

1 gene has multiple effects on phenotype

40
Q

Epistasis

A

Gene alters phenotype expression

41
Q

Polygenic

A

multiple genes affect single trait
EG- skin color/eye color

42
Q

Pedigree

A

A family tree for the parent/child

used to predict future offspring and track different traits

43
Q

dominat traits

A

appear in every generation, one parent must have this trait

44
Q

regressive traits

A

skips a generation, parents don’t have it but are carriers

45
Q

Sex genes affect

A

X or males more

46
Q

Females

A

XX

47
Q

Males

A

XY

Biology Final (1 decks)

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