Evolution Discoverers

Question 0

James Hutton (1726-1797)

Answer 0

Present day change is happening at the same gradual rate as before
UNIFORMITARIANISM

Question 1

George-Louis Leclerc (1707-1788)

Answer 1

Challenged idea of ‘life forms are unchanging’
Noted similarities between humans and apes
Thought Earth was more than 6000

Question 2

Jean Lamarck (1744-1829)

Answer 2

Organisms become more complex and perfected

• Acquired Characteristics
  
  • “use or disuse”
  • “use or lose”

Question 3

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)

Answer 3

Limited by density-dependent factors

Pairs produce more offspring than sustainable… Survivors are limited

Question 4

Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)

Answer 4

PALAEONTOLOGY
- deeper fossils=more dissimilar
CATASTROPHISM
- new species moved in after old ones die, no evolution

Question 5

Charles Lyell (1797-1875)

Answer 5

Uniformitarianism

Question 6

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

Answer 6

SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST
GRADUALISM
- change is slow & gradual
Descent with Modification
- random, no big plan

Question 7

Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913)

Answer 7

Natural selection

Question 8

What were Charles Darwin’s 4 main Ideas

Answer 8

1) Organisms produce more offspring, So they compete for resources
2) individuals within a pop. Vary
3) individuals with advantageous traits reproduce
4) slow and gradual

Question 9

What are two theories to explain the rate if evolution?

Answer 9

1) Theory of gradualism (Darwin)

2) Theory of punctuated equilibrium (Niles Eldridge & Stephen Jay Gould)

Question 10

What are the sources of evidence for evolution?

Answer 10

Fossils
Biogeography
Anatomy
Embryology
DNA

Question 11

What is adaptive radiation?

Answer 11

A population adapts into many different species (they all have a common ancestor)

Is a type of allopatric radiation

Question 12

Def. of paleontology

Answer 12

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Question 13

Def. of catastrophism

Answer 13

-

Question 14

Def. of uniformitarianism

Answer 14

-

Question 15

Def. of inheritance of acquired traits

Answer 15

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Question 16

Def. of theory of evolution by natural selection

Answer 16

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Question 17

Def. of survival of the fittest

Answer 17

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Question 18

Def. of descent with modification

Answer 18

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Question 19

How did the eye evolve

Answer 19

• Started as an opening that allowed brain to register light
• Covered with a film so that it could see shapes
• Filled by a liquid to create a lens making the object clearer (and upside down)

Question 20

How does evolution affect HIV?

Answer 20

This evolutionary virus…