Evolution Chapter 7.1

Question 1

What allows populations to change over time?

Answer 1

Diversity within a species and interactions between individuals and their environment

Question 2

What happens when a species becomes extinct?

Answer 2

The species has completely disappeared from the earth

Question 3

What are the three types of adaptations

Answer 3

Structural, Behavioral, Physiological

Question 4

What is adaptation?

Answer 4

A process that helps organisms survive and reproduce in their environment

Question 5

Two main purposes of all species

Answer 5

To survive and reproduce

Question 6

An example of each adaptation

Answer 6

Physiological - hibernation
Structural - camouflage, mimicry
Behavioral - migration, nocturnal

Question 7

What is the difference between each adaptation?

Answer 7

Structural - How animals were built/made to
Behavioral - How animals behave
Physiological - How animals are physically built
*All in order to survive

Question 8

What is mimicry?

Answer 8

A harmless species that looks the same as a poisonous species in the way that it is coloured or strucutred

Question 9

What is an example of mimicry?

Answer 9

Viceroy butterfly (non-poisonous)
Monarch butterfly (poisonous)

Question 10

What is a variation?

Answer 10

Differences between individuals

Question 11

What are the types of variations?

Answer 11

Structural, Functional, Physiological

Question 12

What effects to variations have on individuals?

Answer 12

Positive, negative, or no effect

Question 13

What determines if the variation has an effect on an individual?

Answer 13

Environmental conditions

Question 14

If the variation has a positive effect, what happens?

Answer 14

They survive and pass variation to offspring

After a while it will become a trait/characteristic of the population

Question 15

Who is R.S Edleston?

Answer 15

Caught first black moth in 1848

Lepidopterist (moth/butterfly collector)

Question 16

What caused an increase in the black moth population?

Answer 16

Industrial Revolution

More pollution, killed lichen, soot covered trees (black)

Question 17

Before the Industrial Revolution why were there more flecked moths?

Answer 17

More flecked moths survive and passed down gene for flecked colour

Question 18

During the Industrial Revolution why were there more black moths?

Answer 18

More black moths survive and passed down gene for black colour

Question 19

How did the moth colour change occur?

Answer 19

Over several generations

*individuals DID NOT change from flecked to black or vice versa

Question 20

How does variation arise?

Answer 20

In your genes, through sexual reproduction from parents

Question 21

How do adaptations develop?

Answer 21

1. Requires variation within a species

2. Result from gradual and accumulative changes

Question 22

Do all variations become adaptations?

Answer 22

Depends on environment and effect of variation on ability to survive and reproduce

Question 23

What are mutations? (4 points)

Answer 23

1. Permanent change in DNA
2. Only source of genetic material
3. Lead to different alleles of a gene
4. Mutations have negative, positive, or no effect

Question 24

Where can a mutation occur?

Answer 24

Somatic Cell, Gamete

Question 25

When can a mutation occur?

Answer 25

Continuously or spontaneously when DNA is copied

Question 26

Characteristics if there is a mutation in DNA?

Answer 26

Cell could:

1. Die
2. Malfunction
3. Multiply too much forming tumor

Question 27

What happens if mutation occurs in somatic cell?

Answer 27

The mutation disappears when the organism dies

Question 28

What happens if mutation occurs in a gamete?

Answer 28

The mutation may be passed on to the next generations as a new allele

Question 29

What is selective advantage?

Answer 29

Genetic advantage that improves an organism’s chance of survival/reproduce

Question 30

How does selective advantage work?

Answer 30

Changes the environment

Question 31

What is the difference between an adaptation and variation?

Answer 31

Adaptation:
1: Helps organisms survive and reproduce (structurally, behaviorally, physiologically
Variation:
2. Difference between individuals may become an adaptation in a population