Evolution Chapter 7.1 Flashcards
What allows populations to change over time?
Diversity within a species and interactions between individuals and their environment
What happens when a species becomes extinct?
The species has completely disappeared from the earth
What are the three types of adaptations
Structural, Behavioral, Physiological
What is adaptation?
A process that helps organisms survive and reproduce in their environment
Two main purposes of all species
To survive and reproduce
An example of each adaptation
Physiological - hibernation
Structural - camouflage, mimicry
Behavioral - migration, nocturnal
What is the difference between each adaptation?
Structural - How animals were built/made to
Behavioral - How animals behave
Physiological - How animals are physically built
*All in order to survive
What is mimicry?
A harmless species that looks the same as a poisonous species in the way that it is coloured or strucutred
What is an example of mimicry?
Viceroy butterfly (non-poisonous) Monarch butterfly (poisonous)
What is a variation?
Differences between individuals
What are the types of variations?
Structural, Functional, Physiological
What effects to variations have on individuals?
Positive, negative, or no effect
What determines if the variation has an effect on an individual?
Environmental conditions
If the variation has a positive effect, what happens?
They survive and pass variation to offspring
After a while it will become a trait/characteristic of the population
Who is R.S Edleston?
Caught first black moth in 1848
Lepidopterist (moth/butterfly collector)
What caused an increase in the black moth population?
Industrial Revolution
More pollution, killed lichen, soot covered trees (black)
Before the Industrial Revolution why were there more flecked moths?
More flecked moths survive and passed down gene for flecked colour
During the Industrial Revolution why were there more black moths?
More black moths survive and passed down gene for black colour
How did the moth colour change occur?
Over several generations
*individuals DID NOT change from flecked to black or vice versa
How does variation arise?
In your genes, through sexual reproduction from parents
How do adaptations develop?
- Requires variation within a species
2. Result from gradual and accumulative changes
Do all variations become adaptations?
Depends on environment and effect of variation on ability to survive and reproduce
What are mutations? (4 points)
- Permanent change in DNA
- Only source of genetic material
- Lead to different alleles of a gene
- Mutations have negative, positive, or no effect
Where can a mutation occur?
Somatic Cell, Gamete
