Evolution by Natural Selection

Question 1

What is Darwin’s theory of evolution?

Answer 1

Descent with modification as basis of biodiversity, natural selection as the cause of evolution

Question 2

What is Biological Evolution?

Answer 2

the genetic changes of a population, over generations, lead to new types of organisms

Question 3

What does Biological Evolution allow for?

Answer 3

process to allow organisms to adapt to changes in environment through mutations and natural selection

Question 4

What must take place for natural selection to occur?

Answer 4

1. more offspring produced that will survive (have favorable genes)
2. there is a variation
3. variations can be inherited

Question 4

What is natural selection?

Answer 4

mechanism that favors genes that are best suited to the environment

Question 5

What is artificial selection used for?

Answer 5

used to produce new breeds or varieties of plants and animals such as select desirable traits which benefits humans

Question 6

Importance of Artificial Selection?

Answer 6

• domesticates wild plants
  -produce new strains of crops
  -enhances nutritional value
  -improve quality and yield of crops

Question 7

What is Inbreeding?

Answer 7

Mating of closely related individuals of species

Question 8

What is Outbreeding?

Answer 8

Mating of individuals of species not closely related, leading to more productive, fertile and fitter offspring

Question 9

What are the negatives of Inbreeding?

Answer 9

-smaller organisms
-less resistant to disease
-higher mortality rate
-physical abnormalities
-decrease in hetrozygous gene
-fail to reproduce

Question 10

What are the positives of Outbreeding?

Answer 10

-increase genetic variation which lead to natural selection and evolution
-can happen in nature or artificially

Question 11

What is speciation?

Answer 11

evolutionary formation of new species

Question 12

How does speciation occur?

Answer 12

Geographic speciation and sympatric speciation

Question 13

What is allopactric speciation?

Answer 13

a new species form as a result of geographic isolation from ancestral species

Question 14

What can cause species to be spilt up in a geological way?

Answer 14

-moutians rising
-continents drifting
-migration
-ponds dry
-floods washing organisms to other areas

Question 15

How can you tell if two species are of close relation perhaps due to speciation?

Answer 15

If the species are able to interbreed without fertile offspring

Question 16

How does speciation occur (5 steps)?

Answer 16

1. organisms of same species are separated by geological barrier
2. there is no gene flow between populations
3. since each population may be exposed to different environmental conditions, natural selection occurs independently
4. the individual of the two populations become very different from each other (genotype then phenotype)
5. populations cannot reproduce with each other again

Question 17

What is another name for Geological speciation?

Answer 17

allopactric speciation

Question 18

How can sympatric speciation take place?

Answer 18

1. area provides a variety of ecological niches
2. no competition
3. no pre-existing predators
4. as population size increase, competition and predators increase
5. organisms adapt to environment

Question 19

What can prevent genes from being exchanged due to sympatric speciation?

Answer 19

-breeding different times of the year
-specie specific courtship behavior
-adaption of plants to different pollinators
-infertile offspring