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Living in the IT ERA > EVOLUTION AND THE DIGITAL AGE > Flashcards

EVOLUTION AND THE DIGITAL AGE Flashcards

1
Q

is the basic concept of technology

A

TOOL

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2
Q

is the product when tools are combined

A

MACHINES

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3
Q

become more of a necessity rather than a form of luxury

A

VEHICLE

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4
Q

The technique of making an apparatus, a
process, or a system operate automatically.

A

AUTOMATION

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5
Q

AUTOMATION INCLUDES:

A

▪ Sensors
▪ Wireless Applications
▪ Expert Systems
▪ Systems Integration

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6
Q

is made in such a way that these interconnected systems are capable of self-acting or self-regulation

A

The integration

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7
Q

▪ NOT the same with automation

▪ MORE COMPLEX and is MORE
CAPABLE of LEARNING

▪ The concept of AI

A

INTELLIGENT SYSTEM

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8
Q

Scientists and Researchers identified 5 Generations based on:

A

▪ Design
▪ Sustainability
▪ Reliability

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9
Q

Computers have evolved based on

A

TYPE OF COMPONENTS USED IN THE DESIGN.

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10
Q

WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

A

device for processing, storing, and displaying information.
- Input
-Process < ->Storage
-Output

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11
Q

processes data at a very high speed.

A

Speed

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12
Q

its electronic components in modem computer rarely break or fail.

A

Reliability

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13
Q

can process large amounts of data and produce results accurately.

A

Accuracy

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14
Q

can store a large amount of data permanently.

A

Storage

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15
Q

works strictly according to the given instructions.

A

Control Sequence

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16
Q

it can perform different types of tasks.

A

Versatility

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17
Q

It does not lose concentration due to heavy work nor it becomes tired or bored.

A

Consistency

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18
Q

have the capability of communicating with other computers.

A

Communication

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19
Q

can perform a difficult task in less time and less cost.

A

Cost Reduction

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19
Q

Computer was invented because….

A

“necessity is the mother of
invention”.

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20
Q

The first computing device that was
developed in 600 B.C. It was used to perform simple addition and subtraction. It consists of wooden beads.

A

ABACUS

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21
Q

Another manual
calculating device was . It was a cardboard multiplication calculator
designed in the early 17th century.

A

JOHN NAPIER’S BONE

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22
Q

In 1694, a German scientist GOTTFIELD WILHEM VON LEIBNIZ developed a calculating machine which he called . It was the first calculator that could multiply and divide also.

A

Step Reckoner

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22
Q

The first mechanical adding
machine was invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. It could only add and subtract numbers. Division and multiplication was done by repeated addition and subtraction.

A

Pascaline

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23
Q

A French scientist _____________developed a machine that could perform addition, subtraction, multiplication
and division.

A

CHARLES XAVIER THOMAS
THOMAS ARITHOMETER

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24
Q

A French engineer Joseph
Marie Jacquard developed _________ system for power looms. It was used to create specific weaving pattern on cloths. Later on, it was used in computing devices.

A

PUNCHED BOARD

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25
Q

In 1822, a mathematician ———— invented a “_________” for mathematical
calculations.
In 1842, he developed ________
that was automatic. This engine
could perform 60 additions per
minute.

A

CHARLES BABBAGE

Difference engine and analytical engine

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26
Q

In 1889, Herman applied the idea of punchboards in computers. He used punch cards in computers for input and output.

A

TABULATING MACHINE

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27
Q

John Vincent Atanasoff with his graduate
assistant Clifford E. Berry, built a
small prototype of the first special-purpose
electronic computer in 1939 for the purpose of testing two ideas central to his design: capacitors to store data in binary form and electronic logic circuits to perform addition and subtraction.

A

ATANASOFF-BERRY COMPUTER [ABC]

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28
Q

It is also known as Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator. It was the first fully automatic calculating machine designed by Howard A. Aiken of Harvard University. It was very reliable but huge in size.

A

MARK I COMPUTER (1937-44)

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29
Q

It was invented by J. P.
Eckert and John Mauchly in 1946. It
was the first electronic computer. The
ENIAC was very heavy and large in size.
It consumed 140 kilowatts of power
and was capable of doing 5000
additions per second.

A

ENIAC (1943-46)
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.

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30
Q

It was developed by Dr. Joh’ Von Neumann which could store instructions and data.

A

EDVAC (1946-52)
Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer.

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31
Q

It was the first digital computer used in business and industries.

A

UNIVAC (1951)
Universal Automatic Computer.

32
Q

Electronic Numeric Integrator
and Computer [ENIAC]

▪ Developed in 1946 and
designed by J.P. Eckert and
J.W. Mauchly which uses vacuums

▪ A modular computer that can
only store a small amount of
information

A

1ST GEN
[1946-1959]

33
Q

Transistors was used as
the interior sections of
the computer

▪ Generates less heat and
consumed less electricity
but is VERY COSTLY

A

2ND GEN
[1959-1965]

34
Q

IC was invented by Jack
Kilby in 1965

▪ IC has many transistors,
resistors and capacitors
that is contained in one
chip

▪ Remote processing, time-
sharing and multiprogramming
operating system were used

A

3RD GEN
[1965-1971]

35
Q

is an electronic device that manipulates information or data.

▪ Can store, retrieve and process data

▪ Contains both hardware components and software applications

A

Computer

35
Q

VLSI ( very large scale integration) circuits were used
that has 5,000 transistors
and other circuit
elements connected to
their circuits on a single
chip, microprocessor.

▪ Powerful, dense, reliable
and inexpensive

A

4TH GEN
[1971-1980]

36
Q

From VLSI to ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration)

▪ Uses a microprocessor
chip that has 10M
electronic components

▪ Involves AI, natural
language, and expert
systems

A

5TH GEN [1980-
ONWARDS]

37
Q

Pertains to the computer’s
physical devices

▪ Any part of the computer
that can be seen and
touched

▪ Consists of interrelated
electronic devices used to
manipulate computer’s
operation, input devices,
and output devices.

A

HARDWARE

38
Q

Enter or send data and
instruction from the user
or from another computer
system on the internet

A

INPUT DEVICES

39
Q

Send back the administered data to the
user or to another computer system

A

OUTPUT DEVICES

40
Q

create pictures
and figures by hitting a device
such as a wheel or a print
hammer against an inked
ribbon.

A

Impact Printer

41
Q

create figures and pictures without
any connection between the
printing device and the paper.

A

Non-impact printers

42
Q
A

CRT – Cathode Ray Tube Monitors

43
Q

Required mecury for their production casuing harm to environment

A

LCD

44
Q

Use no Mercury and is thereby environmental friendly

A

LED

45
Q

Is the enclosure composed of the main elements of computer that are used to administer data

A

SYSTEM UNIT

46
Q

Holds program files and keep data permanently

A

STORAGE DEVICES

47
Q

WHY COMPUTERS ARE
POWERFUL?

A

Remarkable speed
▪ Reliability
▪ Consistency
▪ Accuracy
▪ Can store large amount
of data and information

48
Q

works with digits. It operates by counting
number or digits and give output in
digital form.

  • It work with only two digital
    signals, 0 and 1. Digital computers
    are commonly used in office and
    educational institutions.
A

DIGITAL COMPUTERS

49
Q

It does not operate directly with
digital signals. It receives input and
gives output in form of analog
signals. The results achieved are
not accurate as compared to those
achieved by digital computer.
Analog computers are mainly used
in field of engineering and
medicine.

A

ANALOG COMPUTER

50
Q

It have features of both analog and
digital computers. Hybrid
computers can get input and give
output either in analog form or in
digital form. These are special
purpose computers and are used in
scientific field. In hospitals, these
are used to watch patient’s health
condition in ICU.

A

HYBRID COMPUTER

51
Q

smaller versions of the mainframe computers.
✓ have large memory and faster input/output devices.

✓ are more expensive and have more processing speed
than microcomputers.

✓ are used for maintaining details of a large business
organization, to analyze result of experiment to control
and maintain the production activity in factory.

✓ can be used by several persons (1 to 200) at the same
time.

A

MINICOMPUTER

52
Q

are very large computers with very high
processing speed.
✓ used by large business organizations like
banks, big factories, for scientific
research work and for weather
forecasting.
✓ these systems generally supports 500 to
2000 local and remote users.

A

MAINFRAME COMPUTER

53
Q

the most powerful and the
fastest computers available at
any time are called __________
✓ are used to complex scientific
and mathematical calculation
and can process billions of
instructions in one second.

A

SUPERCOMPUTERS

54
Q

✓ designed to be used by one
person at a time.
✓ commonly used in office,
homes and in educational
institutions.

A

MICROCOMPUTER

55
Q

SPECIALIZED COMPUTERS

A

▪Desktop Computers
▪ Laptop Computers
▪ Tablet Computers
▪ Wearables
▪ Game Consoles
▪ Smart TVs

56
Q

ADVANTAGES OF USING THE COMPUTER

A

Speed: When data, instructions,
and information flow along
electronic circuits in a computer,
they travel at incredibly fast speeds.

Reliability: The electronic
components in modern computers
are dependable and reliable
because they rarely break or fail.

Communications: Most computers
today can communicate with other
computers, often wirelessly.
Computers with this capability can
share any of the four-information
processing cycle operations input,
process, output, and storage with
another computer or a user.

Storage: A computer can transfer
data quickly from storage to
memory, process it, and then store
it again for future use.

57
Q

DISADVANTAGES OF USING THE COMPUTER

A

1
Health Risks: Prolonged or
improper computer use
can lead to injuries or
disorders of the hands,
wrists, elbows, eyes, neck,
and back.

2

Violation of Privacy: In
many instances, where
personal and confidential
records were not protected
properly, individuals have
found their privacy violated
and identities stolen.

3

Computer Crimes: People
use the computer for
negative activities. They
hack the credit card
numbers of other people
and misuse them or they
can steal important data
from big organizations.

4

Unemployment: Different
tasks are performed
automatically by using
computers. It reduces the
need of people and
increases unemployment
in society.

5

Wastage of time and
energy: Many people use
computers without positive
purpose. Young generation
is now spending more time
on the social media
websites like Facebook, X,
etc.

58
Q

also known as the (Computer Age, Digital
Age, or New Media Age) is a historical
period that began in the mid-20th century
which is regarded as a time in which
information has become a commodity that
is quickly and widely disseminated and
easily available especially through the use
of computer technology.

A

Information age

59
Q

Embracing technologies that are
relevant to improving an organization
and enabling it to become more
competitive in the marketplace.

A

DIGITIZATION

60
Q

where media was physical such as TV’s,
newspapers, magazines and radio.

A

Pre-digital Age

61
Q

digital is just becoming accepted into the
mainstream and the age where digital is fully immersed into
our society.

A

Mid-digital Age

62
Q

where digital technology will be a vast,
quite element forming the seamless backbone of life.

A

Post-digital Age

63
Q

Five Phases of Digital ERAS

A

Internet Era (1970)
Social Media Age (2000)
Collaborative Economy Age (NOW)
Autonomous World Age (TESTING)
Modern Wellbeing (EMERGING)

64
Q

SIX CHARACTERISTICS OF LEARNING IN THE DIGITAL AGE

A

o Engaging through an exceptional and relevant learning experience

o Empowering, personalized and self-directed

oUbiquitous, Just-in-Time, on demand and in context

o The right blend and experiential, social, informal and formal

o Hyper-connected and with analytics everywhere

o Continuous, based on inquiry, exploring and doing

65
Q

refers to the communication
channels through which we
disseminate news, music,
movies, education, promotional
messages and other data.

A

Media

66
Q

The content can be in the form
of USER-GENERATED or
PROFESSIONALY-PRODUCED.

A

The Message

67
Q

Serves as ordinary diary

A

Blog (web+log)

68
Q

to post very short entries, as a brief update or a
photo, on a blog or social media website. Example: TWITTER

A

Microblogging

69
Q

is a blog done with the help of videos, unlike a text blog where information is shared using just
text and static images. Example: YOUTUBE

A

Vlog [video + log]

70
Q

a channel or system of
communication, information, or
entertainment

A

The medium

71
Q
  • the one who delivers the
    message.
A

The messenger

72
Q

Evolution of media
transformed in two ways

A
  • How information is presented
  • How the connection is established
73
Q

INFORMATION AGE TIMELINE

A
74
Q

invention of the movable type
printing press.

A

15th century, Johannes Gutenberg

75
Q

pushed media production even further when
he essentially hooked the steam engine up to a printing press,
enabling the industrialization of printed media.

A

1810, Friedrich Koenig,

76
Q

patented in the United States by
Samuel Morse.

A

1837, the electrical telegraph,

77
Q

was recognized as the developer of the
first practical wireless radio system.

A

1894, Guglielmo Marconi,

78
Q

READ PAGE 20-22

A

Living in the IT ERA (3 decks)

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