Evolution and phylogenetics Flashcards
Phylogeny
The history of birth with no modifications and accumulation of changes through time.
Speciation
The process by which physical, physiological or ecologically populations diverge
Node
Point where branches split, represents common ancestor
Systematics
Study of evolutionary relationships among organisms
Phylogenetics
Pattern of evolutionary relatedness among species; aims to discover pattern of evolutionary relatedness by comparing anatomical or molecular features
Taxonomy
Classification of organisms; aims to recognize and name groups of individual species.
Phylogenetic tree
Diagram that represents hypothesis about evolutionary history
Sister
Groups more closely related to each other
Taxon
Group, all species in some taxonomic entity or group
domains
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Monophyletic
Includes all species that share a common ancestor
Paraphyletic
Includes some, not all descendants of a common ancestor
Polyphyletic
Does not include the last common ancestor. Don’t share most recent common ancestor
Homology/homologus
Characters that are similar because of descent from common ancestor
Analogous
Similar traits or characters due to independent adaptation by different species
