Evolution Flashcards
What are the two types of gene transfer?
Vertical and Horizontal
What is vertical gene transfer?
Genetic material is passed from parent to offspring either sexually or asexually when a species reproduces
What can inherit genomic sequences horizontally?
Prokaryotes
What is horizontal gene transfer?
When genes are transferred between individuals of the same generation, this can result in faster evolutionary change than in organisms than vertical gene transfer
What is evolution?
Changes to genomic sequences which result in changes to the species over time
What do advantageous mutations do?
Help organisms survive and reproduce, allowing it to pass onto offspring
What are the 3 types of selection?
Stabilising, Directional and Disruptive
What happens in stabilising selection?
Average phenotypes are selected for the extremes of the phenotype are selected against i.e medium size gall bladder
What happens in directional selection?
Extreme phenotypes are selected for i.e being bigger
What happens in disruptive selection?
Two or more phenotypes are selected for i.e the extremes of being both big and small are advantageous in their own ways
What is a species?
A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
What is allopatric speciation?
A geographical barrier has stopped the gene flow between two groups of the same species, allowing each species to develop their own mutations
