Evolution

Question 1

characteristic that is controlled by a large number of genes

Answer 1

quantitative trait

Question 2

the end of one group of species

Answer 2

extinction

Question 3

when species improves its condition in relationship to its environment

Answer 3

adaptation

Question 4

preferential survival and reproduction of some individuals and not others

Answer 4

natural selection

Question 5

state terms of equation in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 5

P2=homozygous dominant
Q2=homozygous recessive
2pq=heterozygous

Question 6

favor individuals with phenotypes that are at one extreme of the distribution range

Answer 6

directional selection

Ex. an environment where food are accessible in high places favor giraffes with longer necks

Question 7

favors individuals with more intermediate or average values of the distribution range

Answer 7

stabilizing selection
Ex. an environment where food are accessible in moderately reachable places favor giraffes with necks that aren’t too long or short

Question 8

favors individuals at both extremes of the distribution range

Answer 8

disruptive selection

Ex. an environment where food are only accessible in high and low places favor giraffes with longer & shorter necks

Question 9

Describe Darwin’s observations with finches in the Galapagos

Answer 9

some individuals of finches survive and produce more offspring than others depending how well they are adapted to their environment. The variety of seeds with different toughness that finches are able to eat depends on their beak size.