Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 20 > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is species diversity?

A

Number of different species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the term for amount of variation in inherited traits between individuals of the same species

A

Genetic Diveristy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

The science of classification according to the inferred relationships among organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Biononclature?

A

A method of naming organisms by using 2 names– the genus name and the species name. All scientific names are italicized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the first part of the binomial name?

A

Genus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of organisms that look alike and can be interbred under natural conditions to produce fertile offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is taxa?

A

Categories used to classify organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 6 kingdoms?

A

Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantea, and Animila

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the characteristics of Eubacteria?

A
  • Simple organisms lacking a nucleus.
  • Either heterotrophs or autotrophs
  • All can reproduce asexually
  • Nearly live everywhere
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the characteristics of Archaebacteria?

A
  • Prokaryotic (without nucleus or mitochondria)
  • Heterotrophs
  • Live in salt lakes or hot springs and animal guts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the characteristics of Protista?

A
  • Most are single-celled; some are multicellular and eukaryotic
  • Some are autotrophs or heterotrophs or both
  • Reproduce sexually
  • doesn’t have cell wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the characteristics of Fungi?

A
  • Most are multicellular
  • All are autotrophs
  • Reproduce asexually or sexually
  • Most are terrestrial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the characteristics of Plantae?

A
  • All are multicellular
  • All are autotrophs
  • Reproduce sexually and asexually
  • Most are terrestrial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the characteristics if Animalia?

A
  • All are heterotrophs
  • Most reproduce sexually
  • Live in terrestrial and aquatic habitats
  • All are multicellular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Monera?

A

It is a 5 kingdom system that includes organisms without a nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Archaebacteria system?

A

A 6 kingdom system that includes prokaryotic (acts like

big mitochondrias) organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Eukaryotic

A

organisms that have a nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Phylogeny

A

The history of the evolution of a species or group of organisms. (Looks like the family tree)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is used to help Biologists identify organisms and recognize natural groupings of living things?

A

Taxonomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the study of fossils called?

A

Paleontology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is radiometric dating?

A

A technique used to describe the age of a rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the study of the geographic distribution of life on earth?

A

Biogeography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does fossil evidence suggest?

A

That species living today are different than those of the past and that species evolved independently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are homologous features

A

Features with similar in appearance and function but do not appear to have the same evolutionary origin

25
Q

What are rudimentary structures with no apparent useful functions though could be a useful function in the past

A

Vestigial features

26
Q

What are the codes that make up genetic material

A

DNA

27
Q

What does A stand for?

A

Adenine

28
Q

What does T stand for?

A

Thymine

29
Q

What does C stand for?

A

Cytosine

30
Q

What does G stand for?

A

Guanine

31
Q

What is the process of humans selecting and breeding individuals?

A

Artificial Selection

32
Q

Who believed in spontaneous generation?

A

Lamarck

33
Q

Who observed unusual fossil species in South America?

A

Darwin

34
Q

Who put together a workable theory of evolution?

A

Darwin

35
Q

Who invented taxonomy

A

Linnaeus

36
Q

What is the inheritance of acquired characteristics

A

A false concept of features passed down through the life of the individual

37
Q

Who thought of acquired characteristics

A

Lamarck

38
Q

Who became convinced that great geological forces given a lot of time, were responsible for the mountains and the multitude of fossils

A

Darwin

39
Q

Who believed that organisms have a “force” to change for the better? (to survive?)

A

Lamarck

40
Q

What are the points of Darwin and Wallace’s theory of evolution by natural selection

A

*There is heritable (you can pass it off) variation
*You have to make more offspring than can live
*Populations tend to remain stable in size (when nothing changes)
Theories
*Intraspecific competition (struggle to survive within species)
*More favorable variations are more likely to survive and pass these variations on. Survival is not random (natural selection)
*These variations will become more common due to more successful offspring (evolution)

41
Q

What is a harmful mutation?

A

A mutation that reduces organisms fitness

42
Q

What is a neutral mutation?

A

A mutation that has no effect on the organism

43
Q

What is a beneficial mutation?

A

A mutation that has a enhances the fitness of an organism

44
Q

What is used to describe an organisms ability to have reproductive success

A

Fitness

45
Q

What are the types of reproduction?

A

Asexual and sexual reproduction

46
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

The production of offspring from a single parent. the offspring inherit the genes from that parent only

47
Q

What is sexual production?

A

The production of offspring through the union of two parents. The offspring inherits genes from BOTH parents

48
Q

What are the variables of sexual reproduction?

A

2 copies of genes to be copied off of. The assortment of genes is random. Species choose different partners so the possibilities are endless.

49
Q

What is determined by genes?

A

Inherited Characteristics

50
Q

What is population variability?

A

The difference of organisms of the same species due to the different pairs of genes that they possess

51
Q

What is the source of new variations?

A

New traits that arise when genes become mutated

52
Q

What is the process called when an individual becomes genetically better suited for survival and reproductive success

A

Natural Selection

53
Q

What is the process called when favorable traits for reproductive success and survival become more common?

A

Evolution

54
Q

What is speciation?

A

The formation of a new species

55
Q

What are the steps of Allopatric Speciation?

A
  1. A barrier isolates interbreeding populations
  2. The populations evolve differently due to different pressures and natural selections
  3. In time physical and behavioral differences become so pronounced that the species can not interbreed
56
Q

What is the idea that speciation takes place slowly?

A

Theory of gradualism

57
Q

What is Punctuated Equilibrium?

A

The idea that species evolve rapidly followed by a period where there is little or no change

58
Q

What are the points of punctuated equilibrium?

A
  • Many species evolve rapidly in evolutionary time
  • Speciation usually occurs in small, isolated populations so intermediate fossils are rare
  • After the initial burst, species are well adapted to their environment, so they don’t change significantly over long periods of time.
59
Q

What is the process called of evolution into many species?

A

Divergent evolution

Biology 20 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions