Evolution-5

Question 1

Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus

Answer 1

About 15 mya, primates called Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus were
existing. They were hairy and walked like gorillas and chimpanzees.
Ramapithecus was more man-like while Dryopithecus was more
ape-like.

Question 2

Few fossils of man-like bones have been discovered in Ethiopia
and Tanzania

Answer 2

Few fossils of man-like bones have been discovered in Ethiopia
and Tanzania (Figure 6.11). These revealed hominid features leading to
the belief that about 3-4 mya, man-like primates walked in eastern Africa.
They were probably not taller than 4 feet but walked up right.

Question 3

Australopithecines

Answer 3

Australopithecines probably lived in East African grasslands. Evidence
shows they hunted with stone weapons but essentially ate fruit.

Question 4

homo habilis

Answer 4

Some of
the bones among the bones discovered were different. This creature was
called the first human-like being the hominid and was called Homo habilis.
The brain capacities were between 650-800cc. They probably did not eat meat.

Question 5

homo erectus

Answer 5

Fossils discovered in Java in 1891 revealed the next stage, i.e., Homo
erectus about 1.5 mya. Homo erectus had a large brain around 900cc. Homo erectus probably ate meat.

Question 6

Neanderthal man

Answer 6

The Neanderthal man with a brain size
of 1400cc lived in near east and central Asia between 1,00,000-40,000
years back. They used hides to protect their body and buried their dead.

Question 7

Homo sapiens

Answer 7

Homo sapiens arose in Africa and moved across continents and developed
into distinct races. During ice age between 75,000-10,000 years ago
modern Homo sapiens arose. Pre-historic cave art developed about
18,000 years ago. One such cave paintings by Pre-historic humans can
be seen at Bhimbetka rock shelter in Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh.
Agriculture came around 10,000 years back and human settlements
started.