Evolution Flashcards
Macroevolution
Measuring the success of the changed genes. The environmental pressures that select the fittest organisms.
Microevolution
The actual processes that allow genetic diversity to occur. The actual change in genes.
HMS Beagle
Darwin’s ship that studied bio-geographical isolation
Bio-geographical isolation
Diversity of life throughout the world.
Darwin’s 5 key observations
- Organisms within the same population have unique traits.
- Traits are inheritable.
- Organisms adapt.
- Nature is cruel.
- Differential reproduction occurs (number if offspring).
Evolution
Biological processes that changes the gene sequence for a trait.
5 different types of changes in genes
Mutations Crossing over Gene flow Sexual reproduction Genetic drift
What type of mutations usually cause evolution?
Missense, accumulation of many mutations
Crossing over
Can change phenotype and new genes
Gene flow
Emigration and immigration of new or different genes into a population and reproduce.
Sexual reproduction
Combination of egg and sperm
Genetic drift
Getting rid of alleles in a population, loss of individuals by chance
Founder effect
When a few organisms find a new place to live (recolonize), reduction in genes in population
Bottleneck effect
When a few individuals start a new population and decreases the genetic diversity
Beneficial
Both organisms benefit in the relationship
