Evolution Flashcards
If two species are able to interbreed but produce sterile hybrids, their species integrity is maintained by
a postzygotic barrier where the offspring are unable to reproduce, preventing further mixing of genes between the two species.
What was the prevailing notion prior to the time of Lyell and Darwin?
Evolution and taxonomy.
The statement “Improving the intelligence of an adult through education will result in that adult’s descendants being born with a greater native intelligence” is an example of?
Lamarackism.
On which of the following did Linnaeus base his classification system?
Anatomy, physical characteristics.
Darwin’s mechanism of natural selection required long time spans in order to modify species. From whom did Darwin get the concept of the Earth’s ancient age?
Charles Lyell.
Animals that possess homologous structures probably…?
Evolved from the same ancestor.
Splinter populations?
Separated from parent population.
Peripheral isolates?
A small population of a species that is isolated on the edge of species’ range. Usually reducing gene flow.
A rapid method of speciation that has been important in the history of flowering plants is?
Polyploidy.
(Possessing more than one complete set of chromosomes in a single organism)
What is catastrophism?
The theory that changes in the earth’s crust is solely from sudden violent and unusual events.
What is allometric growth?
The variation of growth rate in different parts of the body.
Evidence for occurring Evolution?
Comparative Anatomy
Taxonomy - hierarchical life.
Geology and Fossils
Biogeography
What is natural selection about?
The adaptation of species to fit their environment, often imperfectly created.
What did each of the men discover?
(in order)
Cuvier - Paleontology (species unchanging)
Hutton - Gradualism (Profound changes can be the result of little changes throughout time)
Malthus - Populations
Linnaeus - Taxonomy
Lamarck - Evolution
Lyell - Uniformitarianism (same process occurring now as in the past)
Darwin/Wallace - Evolution, Natural Selection
Mendel - Inheritance
Vestigal Structures are?
Reduced structures with no apparent function today.
What is biogeography?
The same environment inhabiting different organsims.
Prezygotic barriers? (before fertilisation)
Temporal isolation (active at diff times of day, month, year.
Behavourial (diff mating displays)
Mechanical (physically)
Habitat
Gametic (aquatic)
Postzygotic barriers? (after fertilisation)
Reduced hybrid viability (Unsuccessful development, frail offspring)
Reduced hybrid fertility (Infertile organism, mule - can live normally but not reproduce)
Hybrid Breakdown (Offspring is produced and can reproduce, weak 2nd gen)
