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SBI 3U1 > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

What is macroevolution

A

evolution that occurs between different species
(example: sharks and dolphins both have a streamlined body, even though dolphins are mammals and sharks are fish)

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2
Q

What is a vestigial structure?

A

Structures that show a common ancestor, but don’t have any use.

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3
Q

Describe evidence of evolution through anatomy

A

Living organisms that appear different but have similar functions
(Example: The human hand and birds)

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4
Q

What is an allele?

A

different versions of the same gene (Example: eye colour)

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5
Q

What type of selective pressure is (Graph 2)

A

Disruptive

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6
Q

Describe selective breeding:

A

The selective breeding of organisms by humans to increase desirable traits (example: breeding dogs with poodles to become hypoallergenic: Labradoodle)

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7
Q

Describe evidence of evolution from fossils:

A

Fossils found in young layers of rock are much more similar to living organisms than fossils found in older layers of rock.

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8
Q

What is a transitional fossil:

A

Fossils that are showing the “in between” moments of evolution.

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9
Q

Give an example of evidence of evolution through DNA

A

Apes and humans

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10
Q

Describe directional selection

A

When one extreme is selected
(Example: only dark moths can camouflage into trees)

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11
Q

What is variation

A

Differences between individuals of the same species.

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12
Q

What is microevolution?

A

evolution that occurs within a species due to genetic variation

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13
Q

Describe sexual selection:

A

When female organisms select male mates based on certain desirable traits

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14
Q

What is a structural adaptation, and give an example?

A

a physical feature in an organism that helps it survive (example: giraffe’s long necks)

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15
Q

Give an example of a vestigial structure:

A

The human tail bone

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16
Q

What is a gene?

A

a section of DNA that codes for a particular trait

17
Q

Describe stabilizing selection

A

When the extremes of both sides are selected against and the average is favoured
(Example: human babies; born to big = die. born too small = die. Average is favoured)

18
Q

What is a analogous structures?

A

Similar features between species, but do not share a common ancestor, but have a similar functions

19
Q

Describe evidence of evolution through biogeography

A

The study of how animals change based on their environments

20
Q

Describe disruptive selection

A

Where both extremes are favoured, and the average is selected against
(seed cracking bird only have small or large beaks, not medium)

21
Q

What is mutation?

A

a permanent change in the genetic material of an organism due to environmental factors

22
Q

Who is Charles Darwin?

A

A scientist from England who founded the theory of evolution.

23
Q

Give an example of evidence of evolution through biogeography

A

How organisms that are geographically close are more likely to have related species

24
Q

What is a physiological adaptation, and give an example?

A

internal changeds in the body that help an organism survive (example: camel’s ability to store water)

25
Q

Give an example of microevolution

A

rabbits who are better able to camflouage

26
Q

What is adaptation?

A

the process of change over generations that help an organism survive and reproduce

27
Q

Give an example of mutation

A

Sickle cell anaemia

28
Q

Give an example of a transitional fossil:

A

Archaeopteryx, a mix between a dinosaur and a bird

29
Q

What type of selective pressure is (Graph 3)

A

Stabilizing

30
Q

Give an example of evidence of evolution through embryology:

A

Early frog and human development

31
Q

What is a behavioural adaptation, and give an example?

A

a behaviour in an organism that helps it survive (example: bird’s migration)

32
Q

What is Natural Selection?

A

When charactersitics in a population change over generations to better adapt to their environment, therefore they are more likely to survive.

33
Q

What is a homologous structure?

A

Similar features which share a common ancestor, but have differing functions

34
Q

Give an example of an analogous structure:

A

Bird wings are for flying, penguin wings are for swimming

35
Q

Give an example of variation

A

Darwin’s Finches

36
Q

Describe evidence of evolution through embryology:

A

Organisms which are extremely different, have similar growth patterns as embryos

37
Q

Describe evidence of evolution through DNA

A

Common ancestors can be found through similarities in DNA

SBI 3U1 (1 decks)

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