evolution Flashcards
what is evolution
when species accumulate differences from ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time
what are adaptations
inherited characteristics that enhance an organisms survival and reproduction in a certain environment
what is natural selection
a process in which individuals with certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at high rates because of those traits
how do analogous traits form
through independent adaptation
convergent evolution
The evolution of similar or analogous features in distantly related groups
binomial format
genus-species
linnaean system
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Oder Family Genus Species
what is a tax on
A group at any level of hierarchy
Dumb king Philip came for green spaghetti
Systematics
a discipline, focused on classifying organisms
Phylogeny
That evolutionary history of a species or a group of related species
evolutionary lineage
A sequence of ancestral organisms leading to a particular descendant taxon
sistertaxa
Groups that share a common ancestor that is not shared by any other group
what do systematists use data on?
morphology genes biochemistry
what are homologies
Phenotypic and genetic similarities, due to shared ancestry
What are the three domains?
eukarya archaea bacteria
what are the four kingdoms
plants, fungi, animals, prokaryotes, and protists
These are single celled organisms
what is horizontal gene transfer?
This is the movement of genes from one genome to another between the domains
How does horizontal gene transfer occur?
Exchange of genetic material, viral infection possible fusion of organisms
