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BIOL1020 > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

James Usher

A

Bible true record, 22/10/4004 BC

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2
Q

The Great Chain of Being

A

Charles Bonnet, man as the pinnacle of creation, superficial resemblance,perfect linear arrangement, according to God’s divine plan

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3
Q

What caused the changes in thought of evolution? And When

A

Earth is old, sedimentary rocks, fossils, extinction 17th and 18th century

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4
Q

Scientific Method

A

Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Data Collection, Analysis, Report/Question

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5
Q

Georges Cuvier

A

Old fossils in old strata, suggested extinction, no change in life form from past to now, catastrophism

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6
Q

Catastrophism

A

Unfamiliar mechanism cause past events, periodic flooding and other catastrophes destroyed life. Catastrophe followed by immigration

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7
Q

Six Elements of Evolution

A

Evolution, Gradualism, Common ancestry, Speciation, Natural Selection, Non-Selection Evolution

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8
Q

How are traits inherited?

A

Not pangenesis, Gemmules (Darwin theory)
Via germ cells not somatic (August Weissman)

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9
Q

Gemmules, Pangenesis

A

Tiny particles that were thought to be shed by all cells in the body that contain genetic material and eventually congregate in the gonads.. Gemmules from each parent mix to produce a new industrial

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10
Q

Germ Plasm theory

A

Somatic and Germ (Cary hereditary material) Cells.

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11
Q

Mendelian Inheritance

A

Gregor Mendel, crosses between green peas. Discovered genes (code for traits) and alleles (forms of genes). Genes from mom and dad

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12
Q

Three laws of mendelian inheritance

A

Law of equal segregation
Law of independent assortment
Law of dominance

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13
Q

Binomial Classification

A

Carolus Linneaus. Genus and Species. Detailed Observation of specimen. No linear hierarchical arrangement. Fixed species concept

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14
Q

Carolus Linneaus

A

Noticed plant hybrids could be created by cross-pollinated. Species Plantarum

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15
Q

Hierarchy of classification

A

Domain, Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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16
Q

Edible Tuber classification

A

Plantae, anthophyta, eudicotyledones, solanales, solanaceae, solanum, solanum tuberosum

17
Q

Theory of degeneration

A

Compte de Buffon, derived from single population became subdivided through migration to different areas, changes accumulated overtime. Species could interbreed, limit to how much a group can change. Reversibility

18
Q

James Hutton

A

Gradual mechanism, river action form valleys, marine fossils were organisms buried by erode sediments

19
Q

Charles Lyell

A

Uniformitariasm, same geological process operate today as in the past. Mechanisms of change are constant

20
Q

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

A

Theory of inheritance of acquired traits. Soft inheritance. Organism desire for increased complexity, adapt to environment, efforts inherited.

21
Q

Microevolution

A

Small evolutionary changes, Species level, differences in phenotype within population, allele frequency changes overtime

22
Q

Macroevolution

A

Evolutionary change above species level. Divergence results in different genera, families, order etc

23
Q

Mechanism of microevolution

A

Mutation, selection, drift, migration

24
Q

Geospiza Scandens

A

Disruptive Selection

25
Q

Migration or gene flow. Factors that affect it.

A

Immigration and Emigration. Natural barriers, movement of animals as compared to plants. Population can coalesce

26
Q

Topological Species concept

A

All organisms within a species have the same general characteristics. Shortcomings include sexual dimorphism, geographical separation leading to a different and appearance, unsuccessful breeding between morphologically similar species

27
Q

Biological species concept

A

Reproductively isolated species within specific niche

28
Q

Phylogenetic species concept

A

An irreducible group whose member are descended from a common ancestor and who all possess a combination of defining traits.

29
Q

Evolutionary Species Concept

A

A single lineage of a population. all from a common ancestor, that are distinct from other lineages

30
Q

Speciation

A

Allopatric, parapatric, sympatric, peripatric

31
Q

Prezygotic Mechanism for Speciation

A

Geographical isolation, temporal isolation, ecological isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation, gametic incompatibility

32
Q

Post-zygotic Mechanism for Speciation

A

Zygotic mortality, hybrid inviability hybrid sterility, hybrid breakdown

33
Q

Phyletic Gradualism

A

Evolutionary changes over a long geological time, it’s slow and steady fossil records to show intermediate forms. Imperceptible effects of natural selection.

34
Q

Perissodactlys

A

Horses evolved from them. Eocene period

35
Q

Punctuated equilibrium

A

Evolutionary changes can be sudden. No change for a long time then abrupt and sudden change. Transitional forms are rare

BIOL1020 (2 decks)

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