Evolution Flashcards
Natural Selection
not the sole mechanism for evolution, but for adaptation
Gene Pool
Collection of alleles in the population
Allele frequency
How common that allele is in the population
Mendel’s 1st Law of Inheritance
The Law of Segregation- When an individual produces gametes, the two copies of gene separate, so that each gamete receives only one copy per parent
Population Genetics
Selective forces change a population through changes in allele and genotype frequencies
5 forces of evolution
Genetic Variation, Natural Selection, Non-random mating, gene flow, mutation
Mendel’s 2nd Law of Inheritance
The Law of Independent Assortment- Allele of different genes separate independently during gamete formation if they are on different chromosomes
Genetic Variation
random change in allele frequencies
Founder Effect
Small amount of individuals creates a new population
Population bottleneck
Disaster causes a steep drop in population size
What population size does genetic drift affect the most?
Small Populations
Phylogeny
Evolutionary history and relationship of an organism or groups of organisms
Branch Point
point where a split occurs, where a single lineage evolved into a distinct one
Homologous Structures
Features that overlap morphologically and genetically, but have different functions
Analogy
Similar characteristics occur because of environmental constraints and not due to close evolutionary relationships
