Evolution

Question 1

Define species

Answer 1

A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile and viable offspring

Question 2

Define population

Answer 2

A group of individuals of the same species in the same defined geographical area

Question 3

Define mutation

Answer 3

An alteration in the DNA sequence of an organism

Question 4

Define gene pool

Answer 4

the complete set of alleles present in a population

Question 5

Define allele frequency

Answer 5

The proportion of one allele in a gene pool

Question 6

State four factors that affect genetic diversity

Answer 6

Population size
Inbreeding
Migration
Natural disaster

Question 7

Define high biological fitness

Answer 7

Individuals are more likely to survive, reproduce and pass on their alleles to offspring

Question 8

Which levels of classification are used for the binomial name of a species

Answer 8

Genus and species

Question 9

State the eight levels of classification from most broad to least

Answer 9

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species

Question 10

Define evolution

Answer 10

A change in allele frequency over time

Question 11

Give an example of a selection pressure

Answer 11

Competition for resources like food
Predation
Disease

Question 12

Give an example of a selective advantage

Answer 12

One colour variation is better able to camouflage from predators and escape being eaten
Faster individuals are more successful at hunting

Question 13

What is the pneumonic to remember the process of Natural Selection

Answer 13

VAST SEINE

Question 14

What is the scaffold sentence for VA in VAST SEINE when explaining natural selection?

Answer 14

VA – There is variation in the phenotypes of the ……………… population, due to random mutaions, as …………

Question 15

What is the scaffold sentence for ST in VAST SEINE when explaining natural selection?

Answer 15

ST – All organisms face a daily struggle to survive and reproduce. The ……..…….. struggle because of the……………………………selection pressure

Question 16

What is the scaffold sentence for SE in VAST SEINE when explaining natural selection?

Answer 16

SE – The …………………………….. have a selective advantage as……………

Question 17

What is the scaffold sentence for IN in VAST SEINE when explaining natural selection?

Answer 17

IN – The organisms that have a selective advantage (………………..), survive, reproduce and their offspring inherit the alleles for the trait of………………….

Question 18

What is the scaffold sentence for E in VAST SEINE when explaining natural selection?

Answer 18

E – Evolution occurs by natural selection and there is a change in allele frequency over time and the ………..… population becomes better suited to its environment.

Question 19

Explain how species arise by allopatric speciation form being isolated from each other

Answer 19

Two populations of ______ are geographically isolated by a permanent geographical barrier of ______.
There are different selection pressures acting on each population of .
Mutations accumulate over many generations in each population.
Eventually they can no longer interbreed to produce fertile and viable offspring and would be considered 2 separate species.

Question 20

State which order humans are in

Answer 20

Primate

Question 21

State the features of a primate

Answer 21

Large, forward facing eyes
Opposable thumbs
Large brain volume in comparison to body size

Question 22

State what you can use to tell two species are more closely related on a phylogentic diagram

Answer 22

They share a more recent common ancestor

Question 23

Give 2 peices of evidence used to see how closely related species are

Answer 23

D.N.A
Fossils
Structural morphology

Question 24

Define a fossil

Answer 24

Remains or traces of pre-existing life preserved in ice rock or amber

Question 25

Outline the environmental conditions for fossilisation

Answer 25

The organisms has hard body parts (as soft tissue decomposes) and is rapdily covered in sediment.
The remains are hidden from scavengers, and undisturbed for a long time
There is no oxygen present so no decay can occur
The temperature is low so no decay occurs
There is high pressure

Question 26

Outline the steps for fossilisation

Answer 26

A hard bodied organism is rapidly buried in sediment
Soft tissue decomposes
Mineralisation occurs in the hard parts
Pressure turns sediment into rock

Question 27

Describe how human skeletons differ from earlier hominins

Answer 27

Smaller arg:leg ratio
More bowl like pelvis

Question 28

Describe how human skulls differ from early hominins

Answer 28

Flatter face
Less brow ridge
Larger brain case